Final Program
Detailed program ia available by clicking on the day and room.
Abstracts can bee seen by clicking the lecturetitle.
| Thursday | Friday | Saturday |
| 08.00-18.00 | Onsite registration | |
| 08:30-09:30 | Keynote Address | |
| A-0194 |
Coping across the lifespan: What we have learned and how we can develop
Frydenberg Erica A-0194 Coping across the lifespan: What we have learned and how we can develop Erica Frydenberg University of Melbourne, Australia The utility of the coping construct will be considered in both providing a language of coping and tools for measurement of our coping practices. We have learned a great deal about adult and adolescent coping, and more recently about children in the early years. Studies relating to gender, age, cross-cultural differences and concomitants such as wellbeing, achievement, and problem solving efficacy will be presented. The insights have provided the underpinnings of what to teach and when to teach when it comes to coping. Research relating to coping skill development in different communities with diverse populations will also be addressed. |
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| Session room 1. program | ||
| 09:30 | Symposium 3. Social Support Interactions Under Stress: Associations with Health and Well-Bein Nina Knoll - Ralf Schwarzer |
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| A-0033 |
Social Support Interactions Under Stress: Associations with Health and Well-Being
A-0033 Social Support Interactions Under Stress: Associations with Health and Well-Being Nina Knoll Ralf Schwarzer Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany Authors will present evidence for the complex role of social support interactions in the prediction of health and well-being within stressful episodes. Hughes and colleagues report on the impact of laboratory-based and everyday social support on cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Luszczynska provides evidence for the enabling function of family support in myocardial infarction survivors undergoing nutrition changes. Scholz and colleagues present findings on the role of social support in dietary changes from a sample of overweight adults. Reporting about cancer patients adjusting to post-operative challenges and their partners, Schwarzer and Knoll focus on gender-differential prediction of support interactions within couples. Finally, from a sample of prostatectomy patients and their partners Knoll and colleagues present evidence for spousal support interactions predicting changes in relationship satisfaction and sexual functioning from prior to until one year after the operation. Hughes, Phillips, Gallagher, & Carroll: Impact of Laboratory-based Social Support on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Stress is Contingent on Recipients’ Support in Ordinary Life Luszczynska: Family Social Support Enables Patients’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs: Nutrition Changes Among Myocardial Infarction Survivors Scholz: Social Support as a Predictor of Dietary Change: A Study with Overweight Adults Schwarzer & Knoll: Emotional Support for Men and Women With Cancer: Do Patients Receive What Their Partners Provide? Knoll, Burkert, Kramer, Roigas, & Gralla: Relationship Satisfaction and Sexual Functions in Men Receiving Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Is Providing Support Better than Receiving? |
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| A-0013 |
Family social support enables patients’ self-efficacy beliefs: Nutrition changes among myocardial infarction survivors
Aleksandra Luszczynska A-0013 Family social support enables patients’ self-efficacy beliefs: Nutrition changes among myocardial infarction survivors Aleksandra Luszczynska Warsaw School of Social Psychology and University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Objectives: Sticking to recommended diet is one of key measures in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The study investigates the relationships among family support for healthy nutrition, fruit and vegetable intake, and social-cognitive mediators such as intention, self-efficacy, and planning. Methods: One hundred and thirty myocardial infarction survivors (64% men) treated in 4 rehabilitation clinics participated in the study. Self-reported data was collected across 8 months, during and after cardiac rehabilitation (at the beginning of rehabilitation, 2 weeks after rehabilitation, and 6 months later). Results: Results indicated that directly after rehabilitation less than 20% of patients met recommended nutrition guidelines, with a further decrease over time (14% and 12% at follow-ups). Family support predicted patients’ behavior at follow-up, with self-efficacy playing a mediating role. Although regular formation of action plans and intention predicted nutrition, these cognitions did not mediate social support--behavior relationship. Conclusions: Social support from family seems to prompt patients’ self-efficacy beliefs, whereas its role in fostering other cognitions may be marginal. |
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| A-0029 |
Emotional Support for Men and Women With Cancer: Do Patients Receive What Their Partners Provide?
Ralf Schwarzer A-0029 Emotional Support for Men and Women With Cancer: Do Patients Receive What Their Partners Provide? Ralf Schwarzer N Knoll Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany Charité--Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany In the context of mainly gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the study examines the course of spousal support in 173 dyads over half a year. Such time-lagged dyadic data are rare in this field of research. Both provided and received emotional support were assessed in 108 male patient/female partner couples and 65 female patient/male partner couples. Using the Berlin Social Support Scales, assessments took place during the week before cancer surgery and 1 month and 6 months after cancer surgery. Gender differences emerged for support received and support provided. Support received from partners was initially high for all patients, remained high over time for men, but declined for women. Provided support declined for male partners, but remained high in female partners. The obtained effects were of medium size. Patients’ received support was to some degree reflected by partners’ reports of support provided. Women who reported received support 6 months after surgery had partners who had reported support provision 5 months earlier. Alternative sources of support, in particular for women, such as the friendship network or professional help, may need to be identified. A couple-coping intervention could be implemented where partners learn about each others’ needs in times of crisis and ways to cope with barriers or burnout. |
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| A-0031 |
Relationship satisfaction and sexual functions in men receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Is providing support better than receiving?
Nina Knoll A-0031 Relationship satisfaction and sexual functions in men receiving laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Is providing support better than receiving? Nina Knoll, S Burkert, J Kramer, J Roigas, & O Gralla Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany Vivantes Hospital Am Urban, Berlin, Germany University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Objectives: Prostate carcinoma ranges among the most common cancers in German men. One of its standard treatments is radical prostatectomy (RP). Postoperative comorbidities of RP include erectile dysfunctions which may impact patients’ relationship quality. Little is known to date about patients’ and their partners’ psychosocial resources that might reduce the risk of damage to relationship outcomes. Such resources include spousal social support interactions. We investigated cross-sectional and prospective relations of patient- and partner-reported received and provided spousal support and patients’ indicators of sexual functions and relationship satisfaction prior to and one year following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). Methods. 139 patients and their heterosexual partners provided data prior to and 12 months after the operation. Main outcomes were patient-reported relationship satisfaction and sexual functions. Central predictors were patients’ and partners’ accounts of received and provided spousal support. Data were assessed using questionnaires. Results. Erectile functions were associated with patients’ relationship satisfaction presurgery, but not 12 months postsurgery. Patient-reported received and provided support were positively associated with relationship satisfaction at all times. Patient-reported provision of support was also related with better erectile functions prior to and postsurgery. Some of these associations could be replicated using partner accounts of respective support indicators. Conclusions. Regarding patients’ relationship satisfaction and sexual functions, findings associate more consistent benefit with patients’ own provision of supports when compared to their own support receipt. |
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| A-0032 |
Impact of laboratory-based social support on cardiovascular reactivity to stress is contingent on recipients’ support in ordinary life
Brian M. Hughes A-0032 Impact of laboratory-based social support on cardiovascular reactivity to stress is contingent on recipients’ support in ordinary life B M Hughes1 A C Phillips2 S Gallagher2 D Carroll2 1National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 2University of Birmingham, United Kingdom The association between social support and cardiovascular reactivity is often tested by examining blood pressure responses to stress in contrived laboratory settings in which social support is manipulated by the experimenter. However, it is unclear whether such studies address the impact of social network ecologies that exist in participants’ ordinary lives. In the present study, 62 female college students underwent cardiovascular reactivity monitoring while exposed to either active or passive forms of socially supportive interaction. Measures of social support in ordinary life were gathered using the MOS Social Support Survey. It was found that ordinary life support predicted cardiovascular reactivity differently depending on whether passive or active support was presented in the laboratory. Ordinary life support appeared to buffer systolic blood pressure and pulse reactivity for participants receiving active support; but appeared to exacerbate reactivity for participants receiving passive support. The findings suggest that recipient responses to socially supportive intervention might depend on prior experience of social support, or on aspects of personality that underlie social behaviour. |
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| A-0046 |
Social support as a predictor of dietary change: A study with overweight adults
Urte Scholz A-0046 Social support as a predictor of dietary change: A study with overweight adults Urte Scholz1*, Désirée Fuellemann1, Regula Jaeckle1, Rainer Hornung1 1 University of Zurich, Switzerland *Dr. Urte Scholz, University of Zurich, Social and Health Psychology, Binzmuehlestr. 14/ Box 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland; urte.scholz@psychologie.uzh.ch Objectives: The role of behaviour-specific received social support for behavioural change is rather understudied. This study aimed at investigating whether dietary-specific received social support was able to predict intentions for a low-fat diet and fat consumption after one year. Predictive power of social support was tested in competition to well-established predictors of intentions and behaviour as specified in the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), that is self-efficacy, risk awareness, and outcome expectancies for intentions and self-efficacy, planning, and action control for dietary behaviour. Methods: Participants were 270 overweight and obese individuals (72.1% women, mean age = 53.7, SD = 12.59) who completed questionnaires at baseline and 12 months later on their intentions to change their diet, their dietary behaviour, socio-cognitive variables as specified in the HAPA and emotional, instrumental and informational dietary-specific received social support. Results: Instrumental, but not informational nor emotional social support predicted change in intentions as well as change in dietary behaviour across 12 months over and above HAPA-specific predictors. These effects tended to be more pronounced when partners were the source of support compared to other sources of support. No gender differences emerged. Conclusions: Dietary-specific received instrumental social support seems to play an important role for intention formation as well as for successful behavioural change in overweight and obese individuals. |
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| 11:00 | Break | |
| 11:30 | Symposium 4. Coping from 4 years of age through to adolescence: How what we know can influenc Erica Frydenberg |
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| A-0151 |
Coping from 4 years of age through to adolescence: How what we know can influence what we do
Frydenberg Erica A-0151 Coping from 4 years of age through to adolescence: How what we know can influence what we do Erica Frydenberg University of Melbourne e.frydenberg@unimelb.edu.au The field of stress and coping has advanced considerably from the adult centric orientation of its early beginnings. We now know a great deal about young people and how they cope to the point at which such insights can help us to develop strategies for prevention and appropriate intervention. The first paper in this symposium relates to the nature of aggression in children, how it can be helpful to contextualise aggression as reactive and proactive and then examine the relationship between proactive aggression, proactive coping, anxiety, leadership and values. The second paper addresses the issues of social anxiety in girls and the third paper demonstrates how elite musicians and sports people experience lower levels of stress than their inactive peers. Each of the topics considered in the three papers on children and adolescents are important in the contemporary context. The final paper in this symposium attempts to extend our knowledge of stress and coping into the early years to explore how we can meaningfully engage parents, teachers and preschoolers to utilise the language of coping to help young people deal with their stresses. |
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| A-0152 |
Anxiety, aggression and proactive coping in children
Geraldine Larkins A-0152 Anxiety, aggression and proactive coping in children Geraldine Larkins University of Melbourne, Australia glarkins@ceosand.catholic.edu.au] In some studies anxiety has been linked to aggression particularly reactive aggression. This research explored the relationships between proactive aggression, proactive coping, leadership, anxiety and values. Case studies of twelve children scoring one standard deviation or more above their peers on a measure of proactive coping revealed a link to proactive coping and emotional support seeking, mixed results for anxiety, a preference for values focused on pleasure and or security and a preference for adult rated aggressive movies. Analyses found a negative correlation between anxiety and proactive coping and a positive correlation between leadership and proactive coping. |
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| A-0153 |
The prevalence of social anxiety and its effect on coping among adolescent girls
Kathleen Moore A-0153 The prevalence of social anxiety and its effect on coping among adolescent girls Kathleen Moore Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT Australia Kate.moore@cdu.edu.au Social anxiety can range from shyness to extreme forms of social phobia. At its worst, it is a highly debilitating condition especially when the age of onset is at or before adolescence. People with high levels of social anxiety typically use avoidance to deal with their fears. In this study, 125 girls from Year 9 classes, age M 14.25 years, completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SoPhI) and the Deakin Coping Scale. There was a strong association between levels of social anxiety and use of avoidance, a reduced perception of situations as a challenge, as well as a tendency not to use social and other resources to deal with their fears. The incidence of high levels of social anxiety in the current sample was substantial (19%). Recommendations are made to address these issues in future interventions at the school level. |
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| A-0154 |
Children in elite sports and elite music - a matched-sample analysis of daily stress and protective resources
Karen Hoffmann A-0154 Children in elite sports and elite music - a matched-sample analysis of daily stress and protective resources Karen Hoffmann A. Richartz Germany, University of Leipzig khoff@uni-leipzig.de Many parents argue that leisure activities claiming a high amount of time can be stressful for their young aged children. Recent findings however show that daily stress derives from different sources whereas time related strains only play a minor role. The authors reported earlier that children active as elite athletes experience significantly lower levels of daily stress than their non active peers do. The present paper aims to compare children who spend 10-20 hours each week for training or rehearsing with children who are not active in an organised leisure activity regarding their perception of daily stress and level of protective resources. The children aged 8 to 10 were part of a questionnaire survey measuring social support, self-concept and daily stress. Furthermore socio-demographic data was collected. A matched-sample design with three groups is presented: (1) Elite athletes (N=20), (2) Elite musicians (N=20) and (3) Non-active children (N=20). The groups are matched regarding sex, age and family parameters (marital status, academic background, unemployment). Multiple analyses of variance for resources and stress reveal two significant main effects. Hence, the groups differ significantly from each other while controlling for environmental factors. Univariate analyses and post-hoc tests show that Elite athletes are similar to Elite musicians. Overall both groups perceive lower levels of chronic stress and higher scores in protective resources than their Non-active peers do. The findings suggest that high level activities are not necessarily related to daily stress. |
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| A-0155 |
Coping competencies in the early years: Identifying the strategies that preschoolers use
Erica Frydenberg A-0155 Coping competencies in the early years: Identifying the strategies that preschoolers use Erica Frydenberg J. Deans University of Melbourne, Australia e.frydenberg@unimelb.edu.au This study sought to understand the coping actions of four year olds. In particular it sought to identify the ways in which children describe their coping and how parents descriptions concur and amplify those of their children. The participants in the project were twenty four-year-old children attending a three-day a week preschool program and their parents. This presentation will discuss the analysis of data collected via child interviews and a parent on- line survey. Through this methodology it was possible to identify coping strategies used by this age group and then to utilise these strategies in a visual format to see how they would be used with situations that this age group typically have to deal with in order to determine how these children cope. |
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| 13:00 | Break | |
| 13:45 | Symposium 5. Self-related cognitions in test anxiety research |
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| A-0086 |
Self-related cognitions in test anxiety research: The distinction between self- versus other-referenced cognitions
A-0086 Self-related cognitions in test anxiety research: The distinction between self- versus other-referenced cognitions Knut A. Hagtvet (chair) Karin Proost (co-chair) University of Oslo Open University the Netherlands Up to recently, the cognitive component of test anxiety has mainly been analyzed from an individualistic point of view, neglecting the social-evaluative context of “significant others” (Hagtvet, Man, & Sharma, 2001). However, achievement behaviour does not take place in a vacuum but rather within a social setting, where also external observers react to ones’ performance. This has led Hagtvet et al. (2001) to make a distinction between self-referenced anxious cognitions (i.e., failure outcome expectancies) and other-referenced cognitions, defined as any concern about the evaluative judgment of oneself and significant others, respectively, in an achievement situation (Hagtvet, 1989; Hagtvet, Man, & Sharma, 2001; Proost, Derous, Schreurs, Hagtvet, & De Witte, 2008). In this symposium, we will explore more in depth the measurement domain of test anxiety (i.e., self- and other-referenced cognitions) and discuss several studies that explore how these types of cognitions relate differently to various outcomes. The first presentation, entitled “Still a need to explore the measurement domain of test anxiety”, will be given by Knut A. Hagtvet. The second presentation, entitled “The influence of self- and other-referenced anxiety on perceptions of justice”, will be given by Karin Proost. The third presentation, entitled “The differential relationships of self- and other-referenced anxiety to cognitive test performance”, will be given by Knut A. Hagtvet and the fourth presentation, entitled “Angry applicants: the influence of justice perceptions and anxiety”, will be given by Bert Schreurs. The symposium will be closed with some reflections made by Moshe Zeidner (i.e., discussant). |
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| A-0087 |
Still a need to explore the measurement domain of test anxiety
Knut A. Hagtvet A-0087 Still a need to explore the measurement domain of test anxiety Knut A. Hagtvet University of Oslo Measurement studies in test anxiety have been mostly concerned with assessing its dimensionality and stability over time. Less interest has been devoted to how far we can generalize results from test anxiety scales. As such, a need for exploring the generalizability of the test anxiety score is still of relevance. This effort assumes that a construct domain has to be defined to make generalization meaningful. A step in this direction has been offered by a series of studies (Hagtvet, 1989; Hagtvet & Sharma, 1995; Hagtvet, Man and Sharma, 2001). Part of the domain definition emphasized the distinction between two types of self-related irrelevant cognitions; self-referenced and other-referenced failure outcome expectancies. This distinction was derived from conceptual and empirical analyses of prior test anxiety scales (Hagtvet, 1989). Furthermore, a review of factor studies of Worry and Emotionality scales clearly indicated that the Worry factor displaced a more heterogeneous pattern than the Emotionality factor (Hagtvet et al., 2001). Also, a finding across several studies in different cultures suggests that students are consistently more differentiated in their other-referenced versus self-referenced cognitions (Hagtvet & Man, 2004; Hagtvet & Hageler, 2004; Hagtvet, Ye & Pal, 2006; Hagtvet & Ye, 2007) and the generalizability of the distinction between these two types of cognitions has been supported in recent measurement studies. This paper will elaborate on the importance of these findings for test anxiety measurement. It will be argued that more interest should be invested in the distinction between self- vs. other-referenced cognitions in test anxiety measurement. |
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| A-0089 |
The differential relationships of self- and other-referenced anxiety to cognitive test performance
Knut A. Hagtvet A-0089 The differential relationships of self- and other-referenced anxiety to cognitive test performance Knut A. Hagtvet K. Proost E. Derous B. Schreurs K. De Witte University of Oslo Open University the Netherlands Erasmus University Rotterdam Hogeschool-Universiteit Brussel University of Leuven The distinction between self- (SRA) vs. other-referenced (ORA) failure outcome expectancies have been supported in a series of internal domain studies (Hagtvet & Sharma, 1995; Hagtvet, Man, & Sharma, 2001; Hagtvet & Man, 2004; Hagtvet & Hageler, 2004; Hagtvet, Ye, & Pal, 2006; Hagtvet & Ye, 2007). Recently, Proost et al. (2008) presented evidence that shed further light on this distinction in an external reference study where the two anxiety factors were related to cognitive test performance. Her sample consisted of 1878 applicants who took part in a selection procedure of a large governmental organization.Based on prior reasoning, the ORA (Hagtvet & Sharma, 1995; Hagtvet, Man & Sharma, 2001) was expected to represent a conceptualization more sensitive to the evaluative context due to its explicit presence in the item formulations. The evaluative content of the SRA indicators were assumed to be more implicit. On a zero-order level both components were expected to be negatively related to test performance. Not surprisingly SRA and ORA correlated substantially. When estimating a latent variable multiple regression model, where SRA and ORA were predictor variables, their differential relationships to the test score indicated a suppression pattern. This paper will focus on different models to interpret these findings. It will be argued that all models support the distinction between SRA and ORA. In the present study the ORA did show the strongest relationship to test performance. The differential relationship will be discussed with reference to conceptualization and current measurements of the test anxiety construct. |
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| 15:15 | Break | |
| 16:35 | Open paper session 11. Proactive coping - risk taking behavior Pagona Roussi |
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| A-0025 |
Cognitive-Affective Profiles of Affected and Unaffected Women Considering BRCA1/2 Testing and their Relationship to Distress
Pagona Roussi A-0025 Cognitive-Affective Profiles of Affected and Unaffected Women Considering BRCA1/2 Testing and their Relationship to Distress Pagona Roussi, roussi@psy.auth.gr1 K. A. Sherman, Kerry.Sherman@psy.mq.edu.au2 S. M. Miller, SM_Miller@fccc.edu3 J. S. Buzaglo, joanne@thewellnesscommunity.org3 M. B. Daly, Mary.Daly@fccc.edu3 1 Psychology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. 2 Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. 3 Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Suite P1096, Philadelphia, PA 19111. Research has shown that individuals vary predictably in how they select, interpret and process information regarding health risks. In this study, we explored the cognitive-affective (i.e., the mental representations of a person’s encoding constructs and self-regulatory strategies, beliefs and expectancies, goals and values, and affects) profiles of women at risk for breast/ovarian cancer, interested in seeking genetic counseling, and the relationship of these profiles to outcome variables (cancer-specific distress, general distress and knowledge about genetic testing). Prior to receiving genetic counseling, women (N= 171) were mailed a packet of questionnaires and were asked to return them during their first visit for genetic counseling. Four different cognitive-affective profiles were formed which differed in terms of perceived risk, values and goals regarding genetic testing and screening, beliefs regarding genetic testing and cancer risk, and self-regulatory skills regarding cancer-related affects. Women in the four clusters were found to vary in terms of their personal history of cancer (affected vs. unaffected), education level, age and there was a trend indicating that they differed in terms of family history of cancer. In addition, they differed in terms of affective outcomes and knowledge. The results indicate that it is useful to go beyond simple differences in the reactions of subgroups, such as, for example, between affected and unaffected women, and to examine patterns that characterize subgroups. The availability of the cognitive-affective profiles of subgroups of women may be more useful in designing appropriate interventions for them. |
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| A-0115 |
How do teachers cope with intercultural conflicts at school? An analysis of efficacy within the framework of the multiaxial coping model
Tobias Ringeisen A-0115 How do teachers cope with intercultural conflicts at school? An analysis of efficacy within the framework of the multiaxial coping model P Buchwald1 Tobias Ringeisen2 (presenter) V Vogelskamp1 M Teubert3 1University of Wuppertal, Germany 2Federal University of Applied Sciences, Muenster, Germany 3University of Bielefeld, Germany Multicultural learning settings inherit the risk of pronounced stress for many teachers. However, existing research has been limited to an explorative analysis of conflict categories and associated coping behaviour, without addressing the complexity of multinational education settings (e.g., Buchwald & Ringeisen, 2007). In response, the current study examined quality and efficacy of intercultural coping within a theoretical framework, the multiaxial coping model (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998). A sample of 132 German high school teachers with multicultural class composition completed semi-structured interviews regarding intercultural stressors at school. Aside from coping, teachers were asked to report their cultural profile and multiple characteristics of the stressor. Following qualitative content analysis, all reported coping behaviours could be classified within the model. Roughly half of them were identified as ‘cautious action’, followed by assertiveness (16 %) and indirect action (10 %). Sex differences were most prominent on the prosocial-antisocial dimension, with women engaging in more prosocial (cautious action and social joining) and men in more self-centered social strategies (antisocial action, aggressive action and seeking social support). Reported efficacy was highest for the three most frequent strategies, as well as for antisocial and aggressive action. In essence, the current study provides first evidence that the multiaxial coping model may serve as a helpful framework not only to theoretically classify coping efforts with regard to intercultural stressors at schools, but also to understand their efficacy in relation to the cultural profile of the sample of interest. Implications for further research are discussed. |
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| A-0140 |
Factorial validity of the Proactive Coping Inventory among student-athletes
Kevin A. Davies A-0140 Factorial validity of the Proactive Coping Inventory among student-athletes K A Davies1,*, A M Lane1, T J Devonport1 1Research Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Performance, University of Wolverhampton, UK Objectives: To test competing models of the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI) (Greenglass, Schwarzer, and Taubert, 1999) among student-athletes using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We tested a 52-item, 6-factor model (Proactive Coping; Reflective Coping; Strategic Planning; Preventive Coping, Instrumental Support Seeking; and Emotional Support Seeking) and a theoretically derived 44-item, 10-factor model (Proactive Appraisal; Goal Striving; Tenacious Goal Pursuit; Resource Accumulation; Future Temporal Orientation; Visions of Success; Problem Solving; Strategic Planning, Instrumental Support Seeking, and Emotional Support Seeking). Methods and Results: In phase one, 489 student-athletes completed the 52-item PCI. CFA results indicated a poor fit to the data for both solutions (6-factor Robust Comparative Fit Index (RCFI) = .833; 10-factor RCFI = .862). The results of phase one were used to revise the scales. In phase two, five items were revised and three new items were included to measure Proactive Resource Accumulation. The six-factor model was revised by removing the Preventive Coping subscale and replacing it with Proactive Resource Accumulation and Future Temporal Orientation. CFA of 1,060 student-athletes responses indicated an acceptable fit to the data for a 38-item, 7-factor solution (RCFI = .932) and a 35-item, 10-factor solution (RCFI = .946). Conclusions: Results lend support to the factorial validity of both 7 and 10-factor models. Researchers seeking a multidimensional measure of proactive coping should consider the hypothesis under investigation. The 7-factor measure retains the Proactive Coping subscale that may be used as a global indicator of proactive coping, whilst the 10-factor measure identifies integral features of the concept. |
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| A-0171 |
Coping with stress: A new assessment method based on drawing behavior
Attila Kirády A-0171 Coping with stress: A new assessment method based on drawing behavior Attila Kirády 1 - Z Vass 2 1Department of Psychology and Laboratory, College of Police, Hungary 2Intitute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary II. Labanc. u. 34, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, 1021., e-mail:attila.kirady@tv2.hu Objective of the study was to develop a new method to select subject with high coping capacity, based on nonverbal behavior. The authors combined the Multidimensional Drawing Test (Bloch, 1968) with a behavioral observation system of projective drawing process (Vass, 2000). 100 male subjects were selected from special police and military forces, working in extreme stress situations with 100 male control subjects. All subjects were asked to draw 30 free drawings in 30 minutes. All projective drawings, verbal and nonverbal behavior items were recorded and analyzed with logistic regression analysis. Results show statistically significant differences between the two groups in reaction time, frequency of drawing motifs and nonverbal behavior items, e.g. laughing, sighing, small exclamations to self, involuntary movement of the mouth and body, looking at the examiner. High coping capacity with stress was found with less nonverbal items. New and important aspect of the study was the application of a drawing task, especially the drawing behavior in coping assessment. As a conclusion, the authors suggest the broader (but yet experimental) application of the new method as part of coping assessment in the special military forces. |
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| A-0183 |
The Relation Between Stress, Anger, Sensation Seeking And Involvement In Illegal Street Motorcycle Racing Activities In Malaysia: A Preliminary Study
Rozmi Ismail A-0183 The Relation Between Stress, Anger, Sensation Seeking And Involvement In Illegal Street Motorcycle Racing Activities In Malaysia: A Preliminary Study 1. Rozmi Ismail 2. Normah Che Din 3. Rokiah Ismail 4. Fauzi Sukimi 5. Norhayati Ibrahim 6. Boekhtiar Borhanuddin National University of Malaysia ‘Mat Rempit’ is a Malaysian term to refer to an individual who participate in illegal street racing usually involving under bone motorcycles or scooters. Mat Rempit activities provides entertainment, venue to express anger, place for sensation seekers and provide social interaction among the participant. Mat Rempit not only involve in street racing but some of them ride their motorcycle’s dangerously on public roads just for thrill and fun. This study aimed to explore the profile of Mat Rempit and factors that associated with their involvement in street racing. A sample of 560 Mat Rempits from major towns was recruited using snowball sampling through face-to-face interview in a group. A set of questionnaires assessing aggression, interpersonal relationships, personality, sensation-seeking, driving behaviour questionnaires was also administered to the respondents. Results of this study showed that more than 80% of Mat Rempit were Malay, aged between 15-35 years old. Most of them were school drop out, part time worker, factory workers, fry cooks, students, despatch, etc. Most of them scored high on extraversion trait and high score on self-esteem. Results showed that the findings were consistent with the previous study where majority of them score high on extraversion trait, tend to involve in high sensation activities as well as score high on agreeableness of Big five personality test. They also scored high on violation of the DBQ and aggressive questionnaire. Suggestions and implication of this study to understand Mat Rempit also discussed. Key word: illegal street motorcycle activities, aggressive, stress, sensation seeking and personality traits |
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| 18:15 | End of program in this room | |
| Session room 2. program | ||
| 09:30 | Open paper session 5. Anxiety in school settings Eleni Vassilaki |
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| A-0036 |
Investigation of anxiety’s effects on working memory and performance during the completion of two cognitive tasks
Eleni Vassilaki A-0036 Investigation of anxiety’s effects on working memory and performance during the completion of two cognitive tasks Eleni Vassilaki, I. Spantidakis Dept. of Primary Education, School of Education, University of Crete It’s widely accepted that high anxiety levels have detrimental effects on the individuals’ performance during the completion of cognitive tasks especially the difficult ones that impose demands on the working memory resources. Anxious individuals have task relevant and irrelevant thoughts interfering with the Central Executive and the Phonological Loop reducing the available resources for task elaboration. Having the above theoretical background in mind we investigated the relationship between anxiety, cognitive interference and working memory during the completion of 2 cognitive tasks. 70 students aged 11 - 12 years old took part in the project. They were tested individually. The instruments used were: i) State - Trait Anxiety Inventory, ii) Cognitive Interference Questionnaire, iii) Memory subscale of WISC-III, iv) Problem solving subscale of WISC-III. The statistical analysis has shown sex differences in the recorded anxiety levels, the cognitive interference and performance. Females recorded better performance in the memory subscale (use of resources from the Central Executive subsystem and the Phonological Loop). Males recorded better performance in the problem solving subscale (use of resources from the long term memory). Females were more sensitive than boys to cognitive interference. Students with high trait anxiety record high state anxiety as well. Additionally, regression analysis showed that task relevant and irrelevant thoughts affected students’ performance during problem solving and the performance in the memory subscale. The above results are discussed and compared to evidence from other research projects and explained within the framework of the Processing Efficiency Theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992). |
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| A-0052 |
Attentional bias in test anxious students in Higher Education in the UK
Sue Winstanley A-0052 Attentional bias in test anxious students in Higher Education in the UK Joanne Widdowson, S Winstanley and M Yee De Montfort University, UK, Leicester Objectives: The present study compared attentional bias for test related threat words, self-directed ego threat words and ego threat words from others with neutral words, in high and low test-anxious students, in order to determine any differences in attentional bias. Method: The comparisons between different types of threat related words and the matched neutral words were made using the Emotional Stroop research paradigm. Participants were high and low test anxious undergraduate students from a UK university. Results: Results from 2 x 2 ANOVA of response latencies, showed that high test-anxious students demonstrated an attentional bias toward self-directed ego threat words rather than neutral words. This was not apparent in their low test-anxious counterparts. No other significant differences were determined for any other groups of threatening words for either high or low test-anxious students. Conclusions: This outcome suggests that high test-anxious students are more concerned about a personal ego threat and not the exam situation per se, or indeed about what others might think of them; a bias that was not apparent in the low test-anxious students. Many of the models of test anxiety consider that cognitive interference is a particular problem for the high test-anxious student but little research has been done to determine what the cognitions might be. These results suggest that the anxiety may well be related to personal ego-threat. |
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| A-0011 |
The relationship between anxiety, personality, and retrieval-induced forgetting
David Groome A-0011 The relationship between anxiety, personality, and retrieval-induced forgetting David Groome*, R Law, T Buchanan, R Potts, and L Thorn University of Westminster, London, UK (all 5 authors) Corresponding author: Dr David Groome Dept of Psychology University of Westminster 309 Regent Street London W1 R 8AL Email: groomed@wmin.ac.uk Objectives Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) refers to the finding that retrieving an item from memory impairs the subsequent retrieval of related items, and it is thought to reflect some form of cognitive inhibition. Recent theories of anxiety suggest that cognitive inhibition may be affected by state anxiety, and cognitive inhibition is also thought to be related to personality factors such as trait anxiety and extraversion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether RIF correlates with measures of state anxiety, trait anxiety, and extraversion. Methods 116 participants were tested for their RIF performance, using the established RIF procedure introduced by Anderson et al. (1994). The same participants also completed Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory to measure their level of anxiety at the time of the test session, and the Big Five Personality Inventory to provide measures of their state anxiety (neuroticism), extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Results The results showed a significant correlation (r = .24, p< .01) between RIF scores and extraversion, and a significant inverse correlation (r = -.19, p< .05) between RIF scores and state anxiety. None of the other personality factors correlated significantly with RIF scores. Conclusions As the data are correlational no firm conclusions can be drawn about the causality of the relationship between RIF and anxiety or extraversion. However, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that state anxiety impairs cognitive inhibition, and that cognitive inhibition is associated with extraversion. These observations have possible implications for current theories of anxiety and personality. |
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| A-0102 |
Learning emotions, motivation, and anxiety in junior high school students
Sonja Bieg A-0102 Learning emotions, motivation, and anxiety in junior high school students Sonja Bieg W. Mittag Institute of Pedagogic Psychology and Sociology University of Education Ludwigsburg According to Self-Determination Theory, proposed by Ryan & Deci (2000), the satisfaction of three innate psychological needs (for autonomy, for competence, and for social relatedness) is important for optimal human functioning and well-being. The theory further postulates that different types of motivation or self-regulation (external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic) are differentially associated with the quality of behavior and well-being. The present study investigated the relation between classroom conditions and learning emotions on the one side and students’ motivation and anxiety on the other side. Data from nearly 1500 eighth grade students from different school types were gathered using questionnaires. Self-reports included scales measuring students’ experiences during the lessons, their learning emotions, and their self-regulation styles. Results support the assumption that intrinsic or self-determined motivation correlates positive with learning emotions like interest and affective attitudes toward learning and negative with anxiety. The discussion focuses on the interpretation and classroom implications of these data to promote self-determined motivation and well-being in school. |
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| 11:00 | Break | |
| 11:30 | Open paper session 7. Psychophysiology: methodological and theoretical issues Michael Bodo |
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| A-0128 |
Comparison of circulatory stress indicators in a swine model
Michael Bodo A-0128 Comparison of circulatory stress indicators in a swine model Michael Bodo1, Stephen W Rothwell2, Jennifer Dorsey2, Evelyn Sawyer3 and Kornel Sipos4 1Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA 2Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA 3Sea Run Holdings, Freeport, ME, USA 4Semmelweis University, Budapest Hungary It is known that anxiety and stress in humans involve both the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Dysregulation of either system may lead to a wide spectrum of diseases including vegetative disturbances. Currently, there are no diagnostic techniques to distinguish between blood pressure changes caused circulatory disturbances and disturbances caused anxiety/stress. Objective: to compare the indicator of vegetative balance (Kerdo index) to a known circulatory stress (mild bleeding). Methods: An abdominal aortotomy was performed on anesthetized pigs (n=15), after which four treatment groups were created. Eight circulatory variables were calculated from measurements of electrocardiogram and blood pressure measurements of the femoral and pharyngeal arteries. Data were stored electronically for offline processing. Baseline values were compared to values measured 30 and 60 minutes after injury. Results: Of the eight circulatory variables calculated, shock index was the most sensitive measure of circulatory perturbation, but no differences in shock index were noted among the four treatment groups. There were significant differences among the four groups in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in vegetative balance (Kerdo index). Conclusion: Shock index and vegetative balance (Kerdo index) may be useful in quantification of cardiovascular stress. |
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| A-0093 |
Implicating a stress-related psychophysiological mechanism in the link between Type D personality and cardiovascular health
Siobhán Howard A-0093 Implicating a stress-related psychophysiological mechanism in the link between Type D personality and cardiovascular health Siobhán Howard*1 and B M Hughes2 1School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 2Centre for Research on Occupational and Life Stress, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Identified by negative affective tendencies paired with the propensity to inhibit emotional expression, the so-called Type D personality has been shown to predict harmful health consequences following cardiac events. However, despite the large body of literature supporting this link, the direct psychophysiological processes involved have, on the whole been ignored. Cardiovascular reactivity is one such physiological pathway that has long been implicated in the link between psychological variables and cardiovascular disease. In order to investigate if the Type D personality was associated with a maladaptive cardiovascular response to stress, 90 female participants completed a cognitive stressor in the laboratory while undergoing hemodynamic monitoring. While Type D and non-Type D individuals demonstrated similar levels of blood pressure reactivity in response to the stressor, the hemodynamic variables of cardiac output, F(1,88) = 5.91, p = .017, and total peripheral resistance, F(1,79) = 3.99, p = .05, showed some variation that was dependent on Type D status. Specifically, non-Type D women exhibited a homeostatic response with increases in cardiac output paired with decreases in total peripheral resistance. Type D women, however, did not demonstrate this adaptive hemodynamic response, and instead exhibited a pattern of “mixed” responding, with increases in cardiac output accompanied by little change in total peripheral resistance. These findings indicate that the Type D personality is associated with a known maladaptive pattern of cardiovascular response, implicating stress-related psychophysiological pathways as possible direct mechanisms involved in Type D-health associations. |
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| A-0138 |
Relationships of salivary cortisol with perceived daily stress and other adjustment indicators among school students. Gender differences.
F Javier Fernandez-Baena A-0138 Relationships of salivary cortisol with perceived daily stress and other adjustment indicators among school students. Gender differences. F Javier Fernandez-Baena1,*, M Escobar1, E F Maldonado2, M V Trianes1, 1Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain 2Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of the Behavioural Sciences, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain Two purposes were considered for this research on child psychopathology. Firstly, to test the association of perceived daily stress and salivary cortisol levels. Secondly, to test the association of salivary cortisol levels with the following emotional indicators: emotional symptoms, school maladjustment, clinical maladjustment, and personal adjustment. Sample consists of 79 schoolchildren aged 9 to 12. Self-report data on perceived daily stress and emotional indicators were assessed, as well as morning cortisol measures for two days. Correlational analyses shown that cortisol levels were negatively correlated with perceived daily stress. In addition, regression analyses indicated that low morning cortisol levels were associated with internalizing disorders in boys. Non-significant relations were observed in girls. Thus, results support that cortisol levels are related with perceived daily stress and with emotional indicator for boys subgroup. Future research should explore cortisol as a mediating variable on the relation between perceived daily stress and child psychopathology. We discuss implications of present findings for a better knowledge of underlying psychophysiological processes in child psychopathology concerning gender differences. |
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| A-0192 |
Stress-induced brain activations during visual search: an fMRI study
Anita Deák A-0192 Stress-induced brain activations during visual search: an fMRI study Anita Deák*, M. Káplár*, L. Tóth**, P. Bogner**, Gy. Révész*, L. Bernáth* *University of Pécs, Hungary **Kaposvár University, Inst. of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiation Oncology Interaction of cognitive and affective processes is an important question for neuroscience. Sub-cortical structures provide fast and automatic processing of emotional stimuli, while top-down control is guided by prefrontal areas in order to regulate behavior. It is an interesting question what kind of activation pattern would be detected in response to arousing (but non-attended) visual stimuli vs. a rival cognitive task. In our fMRI study, twelve healthy subjects were asked to take part in a visual search task. A matrix was presented with random-located numbers from 1 to 35. The instruction was to search for No.1 and to follow the numbers in the matrix one-by-one. During the on-going cognitive task, however, either a stressful or a neutral picture was presented. We used a transparency level of 50% in each stimulus set (50% matrix - 50% picture). We used a block-design paradigm, where matrices with stressful pictures occured as active phases, martices with neutral pictures were presented as baseline. Hereby, the contrast of stressful vs. neutral blocks, would show the brain activation pattern of emotional processing. Second-level analysis showed neural activation in the cingular cortex, inferior temporal gyrus (Brodmann 20) and striatum. Striatum (putamen) plays a role in perception of contempt and disgust. According to Zeki and Romaya (2008), this brain structure can be identified as „hate circuit”. It can alarm the organism to regulate its behavior in order to avoid danger or threatening situations. Our results underpinned the role of sub-cortical structures in the processing of arousing visual information. Key words: affective neuroscience, brain, emotion, stress, cognition |
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| A-0169 |
Physiological and endocrinological parameters of emotion regulation
A-0169 Physiological and endocrinological parameters of emotion regulation Changiz Mohiyeddini Jolanta Opacka-Juffry Andra Cosma Nadia Gabr Katere Pourseied Roehampton University, London, UK There is consensus that emotion regulation has an impact on human health. The planned symposium aims to focus on biological and physiological indicators of emotion regulation. The study of Mohiyeddini et al. investigates the hypothesis whether Repressors have higher oxytocin levels than high anxious individuals in a laboratory setting in a sample of 91 men. The study of Opacka-Juffry et al. investigates the biological responses to emotional suppression in a laboratory setting in a sample of 88 men, which were randomly allocated to one of the two experimental conditions (suppression vs. no instruction). 8 Salivary cortisol samples were collected several times before and after the exposure to mental stress (a combination of mock job interview and mental arithmetic) as well as blood pressure and heart rate. As expected the emotional suppression is associated with elevated physiological and stress hormone reactivity. Using the participants in the non-suppression condition the results of Gabr et al. confirm the hypothesis that high level of rumination is associated with higher levels of cortisol as well as higher systolic and diastolic blood. Furthermore, Pourseied et al. examined the role of hedonistic emotion regulation as a protective factor against stress reactivity in a sample of 44 men. The significant results of this study reveal that hedonistic emotion regulation is associated with lower cortisol levels or lower levels of cortisol as well as lower systolic and diastolic blood. The significant findings of these studies underline the role of emotion regulation and its impact on physical and mental health. |
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| 13:00 | Break | |
| 13:45 | Open paper session 9. Negative emotions and health Juhani Julkunen |
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| A-0044 |
Anger expression, health behaviour, and blood pressure. Evidence for different pathways
Juhani Julkunen A-0044 Anger expression, health behaviour, and blood pressure. Evidence for different pathways Juhani Julkunen1,2 , C V Igna1, H Vanhanen3 1. Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland 2. Rehabilitation Foundation, Helsinki,Finland 3. The Finnish Heart Association, Helsinki, Finland Objectives: To investigate and compare models that could clarify the relationship between ways of anger expression and blood pressure. It was hypothesized that the impact of the anger expression on blood pressure would be different for different styles of anger expression, i.e. anger-out, anger-in, and anger control. Also the mediated effects through health behaviour and overweight, as well as the possible direct links to blood pressure were supposed to be different for the three anger expression categories. Methods: The study sample comprised of 705 middle-aged men who participated in a trial aimed at preventing the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure was measured by study nurses. Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing health behaviour and anger expression styles using the Spielberger’s Anger Expression Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive analyses, correlations and path analyses. Results: The three sub-scales of anger expression related differently with adverse lifestyle factors, and also with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The association of anger-in with elevated blood pressure seems to be mediated by adverse life styles. For anger-control we found direct positive pathways to elevated blood pressure but no significant links with life styles. Open expression of anger seems to have a direct beneficial effect on blood pressure while at the same time there is an adverse effect on blood pressure through increased alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The results suggest strikingly different links for various anger expression styles with blood pressure including different mediating mechanisms through health behaviour among men. |
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| A-0111 |
TRAIT ANXIETY AS A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS
Dmitry Alekseevich Dimitriev A-0111 TRAIT ANXIETY AS A PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATION DURING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS Dmitry Alekseevich Dimitriev, E V Saperova I. Y. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, Cheboksary, Russia Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive characteristics of trait anxiety for heart rate variability (HRV) parameters during examination stress. Methods: The sample consisted of 237 healthy female students. Personality features were assessed by Spielberger trait anxiety inventory. All subjects were divided into three groups: high level of anxiety - group 1; medium level - group 2, and low level - group 3. HRV parameters were recorded for 5 minutes in a supine position. The students were examined twice: at rest and shortly before the real life stress. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and correlation test (R). Results: During the stress day significant differences were observed in SDNN between group 1 and group 3 (0.068±0.017 vs 0.044±0.003; F=4.50; p=0.039), in RMSSD between groups 1 and 3 (0.066±0.026 vs 0.034±0.003; F=6.47; p=0.014), in LF between groups 1 and 3 (3302.33±1320.55 vs 1177.09±167.59; F=8.72; p=0.005), and between groups 1 and 2 (3302.33±1320.55 vs 1555.97±167.03; F=4.93; p=0.030), in HF between groups 1 and 3 (2380.67±1006.78 vs 488.57±79.16; F=24.87; p=0.00001), and between groups 1 and 2 (2380.67±1006.78 vs 791.58±127.46; F=7.01; p=0.010). At examination trait anxiety scores were significantly correlated with SDNN (R=-0.249; p=0.009), LF (R=-0.279; p=0.004), HF (R=-0.263; p=0.006). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a mild real life stressor is capable to produce complex changes in major cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and that susceptibility to stress would presumably be affected by trait anxiety. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant number 2.2.3.3/2028). |
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| A-0004 |
Behavioral and physiological alterations after chronic predictable and unpredictable stress
Viktoriia Lozova A-0004 Behavioral and physiological alterations after chronic predictable and unpredictable stress Lozova Viktoriia, I. Tubalceva, E. Tukalenko, M. Makarchuk, Danilov S. Kyiv Taras Shevchenko's National University, Kyiv, Ukraine Objectives: Chronic stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of many mental disorders. Possibility to control the stress conditions may be an important factor in development of stress-induced changes in behavior. Furthermore, chronic stress leads to memory malfunction. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate how predictable and unpredictable stress affects behavior and memory. Methods: experiment was conducted on 30 laboratory rats. Like a predictable stress was applied 1mA foot-chock during 14 days that rats could avoid. Unpredictable stress was in the same manner, but rats couldn’t predict and avoid it. After stress exposure rats were tested in Open field, Suok test, Radial maze. All rats before stress were tested in Skinner box until they have developed stable reflex. Skinner box test was repeating every 5 days during stress. The memory was tested again after stress finished. Results: rats after predictable stress demonstrated higher level of locomotor activity in Suok test (p=0,04) compared with rats after unpredictable stress. Rats after predictable stress spent less time in immobility comparing with those after unpredictable stress. Exploratory activity was higher in rats after predictable stress (p=0,001) compared with ones after unpredictable stress. But both groups showed deterioration of memory in Skinner box after stress. Conclusions: unpredictable and predictable chronic stress have influence on behavioral and memory parameters, but unpredictable chronic stress have more dramatic impact on anxiety level in rats. |
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| A-0180 |
Work-family conflict and enrichment among Australian social workers: An assessment of direct, mediation and moderation effects
Parveen Kalliath A-0180 Work-family conflict and enrichment among Australian social workers: An assessment of direct, mediation and moderation effects 1 Parveen Kalliath, 2 P. Newcombe, 3 M. Hughes 1 School of Social Work, Australian Catholic University, Watson, Australia 2 University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 3 University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Objectives: to investigate within an Australian social work context: a) the direct effects of conflict and enrichment on job satisfaction, family satisfaction, and psychological strain; b) the potential mediating effects of job satisfaction and family satisfaction on the relationship between conflict and enrichment, and psychological strain; and c) the moderating effects of social supports on the same relationships. Methods: An online survey of the membership of the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) was conducted in May-June 2008 and yielded 470 respondent data (20% of the membership). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to evaluate the direct, mediating and moderating models involving the conflict and enrichment with psychological strain relationships. Results: All three types of work family conflict (WFC) time, behaviour, strain were found to have a significant effect on psychological straindistress with βs ranging from .11 to .34. Evidence of partial mediation was obtained in six models featuring job satisfaction as the mediator, and in four models featuring family satisfaction as the mediator. We also obtained evidence for the moderating effects of supervisor support and family support on the relationship between workfamily conflict and psychological strain distress. Similarly, evidence for the moderating effects of supervisor support and co-worker support on the relationship between familywork conflict and psychological strainsocial dysfunction was obtained Conclusions: The present study provides evidence for direct, mediated and moderated models of conflict (work family and familywork), and enrichment (work family and familywork) on psychological distress experienced by Australian social workers. |
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| 15:15 | Break | |
| 16:35 | Open paper session 12. Teachers’ mental health Kwok Sai Wong |
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| A-0146 |
General Perceived Self-Efficacy and Individual Teacher Self-Efficacy in a female teacher sample
Arnoldné Gritz A-0146 General Perceived Self-Efficacy and Individual Teacher Self-Efficacy in a female teacher sample Arnoldne Gritz - K. Sipos 1 17th District Local Government Budapest, Department of Health Education Hungary 2 Semmelweis University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Budapest Hungary Objective: The mental health increasingly became one of the important aspects of the health status. The human behavior is a risk factor in most cases. Stress related complaints, anxiety, deviant behaviors, and adaptation disorders are subjects of health protection. The new interpretation of health, in this context, seems as a process, control of health, the acquisition and use of coping techniques. At the Semmelweis University, the hygiene teacher training program follows the above interdisciplinary health-concept. Based on the results of medicine there are in the focus the promotion and development of skills, increasing consciousness, ability to life, general and special adaptation skills. Method: The Hungarian version (Kopp, 1995) of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1993/2000) and the Individual Teacher Self-Efficacy scale (Schwarzer et al., 1999) were answered by 186 female teachers between 25 and 55 years of age. The sample was divided into two groups (“beginners”, and “experts”) according to the subjects’ years in educational work. Result: The reliability of the Hungarian scales in the female teacher sample doesn’t differ from the English (Schwarzer et al, 2000) and Hungarian standards (Kopp, 1995, Tóth, Sipos, 2003). The comparison of “beginners” and “experts” in school work mirrors both the professional self-satisfaction differences, and the unfavorable economic situation in Hungary. Conclusion: Teachers’ mental health protection may be one of the most important aspects of the teacher training programs and the primer/ secondary prevention during their whole professional career. Key words: self-efficacy, mental health protection, coping with stress Presenter’s email: egeszseg@t-online.hu |
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| A-0125 |
Sense of Efficacy and Fear of Failure among Veteran Teachers: Structure and relationship
Fadia Nasser-Abu Alhija A-0125 Sense of Efficacy and Fear of Failure among Veteran Teachers: Structure and relationship Fadia Nasser-Abu Alhija Tel Aviv University School of Education Teachers' efficacy (TE) belief is a judgment of their capabilities to create desired outcomes of student engagement and learning. TE has been linked to level of professional commitment, instructional experimentation and teachers' desire to find better ways of teaching. For the purpose of this study, teachers' Fear of failure (FF) was defined as fear of failing to perform the teaching-related activities. Theory and data suggest that FF renders the academic process as uncertain one for students marked by anxiety, low resilience, and vulnerability to learned helplessness. TE, the subject and the grade level they teach can affect teachers' FF levels. This study was designed to assess the structure of TE and FF and the relationship between teachers' FF and subject and grade level they teach, and their teaching experience. Data were collected from a sample of 370 veteran elementary and high school teachers. The Hebrew version of the Ohio State TE, the Teacher FF Scale, and a background questionnaire were used to collect the data. Factor analysis yielded three factors of TE that accounted for 42% of the variance and three corresponding factors of FF that accounted for 63% of the variance. The obtained factors were referred to as TE or FF for instructional strategies, classroom management and student engagement. Substantial negative correlations were found between the dimensions of TE and FF. High school teachers and teachers of humanities and languages possessed lower levels of TE and higher levels of FF than elementary school teachers and teachers of sciences. |
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| A-0176 |
Individual coping with stress strategy used in the crisis in Hungary
Péter Hardicsay A-0176 Individual coping with stress strategy used in the crisis in Hungary Hardicsay Péter, Noszkay Erzsébet Szent Istvan University, Godollo-Hungary The 21st century as a new era is characterized by globalization, mobility, virtual phenomena and entities as well as individualization. The crisis of globalization amplified the differences between the individuals. Because of the crisis of the global and real economy is rising and the differences between the old and new member-states of the EU become also more serious. This crisis situation picked up speed of changing of paradigm, which was predicted in our earlier publication (Kende, Hardicsay, Noszkay, Seres, 2008). This is quite a challenge for individuals, for participants, institutions and companies of the world. A decision-maker need jump into complete insecurity, but you should also take your chances. After our researches chess is the only method developing 15 psychological skills parallel, well applicable in other fields of life, too. In this crisis situation is very acceptable take the most economical, fastest and cheapest learning methodology, so you need only take the basis of chess and thinking economically. Learning chess is good recreation activity, it is a good outlet for one’s aggression and it helps fight with manager stress. The application of chess as an analogical model in various fields of science occurs more often. Such application and approach of chess interests researchers from various scientific fields for a long time. Our work will explain a part of mastery analogies between chess and manager sciences. These analogies are wide-ranging used by us in individual and in manager training, too. Key words: applied strategy for individuals, coping with changes, chess analogies for managers |
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| A-0063 |
The impact of outcome importance and self-esteem on depersonalization in classroom teachers
Kwok Sai Wong A-0063 The impact of outcome importance and self-esteem on depersonalization in classroom teachers Kwok Sai Wong* and W H Cheuk Kwok Sai Wong, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong, China W H Cheuk, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China According to a model on helpers’ reactions to rejection of their help, rejection of help is threatening and stressful to the helpers because it implies that the recipient is questioning how good the help is. The rejected helpers would cope to maintain their positive self-images. Support for the model has been found in lab studies with actual rejection/acceptance of help. To examine our belief that the model is applicable also to the experience of professional caregivers who may face recurrent rejections of help by clients, we examined whether being repeatedly spurned is conducive to burnout in a category of professional caregivers -- classroom teachers in Hong Kong. The results showed the negative impact of being spurned. This study extended the effects of being spurned in a sample of classroom teachers in the city of Guangzhou, China. Another objective was to examine the role of helper’s perceived outcome importance and self-esteem. We expected that being spurned would be more stressful to teachers who attach greater importance to their help being accepted and who have higher self-esteem than to teachers who place less importance on help acceptance and who have lower self-esteem, due to the rejection being more unexpected and more indicative of their inadequacy in the former. 194 out 234 teachers in Guangzhou, China returned a questionnaire with the pertinent variables. The results lent support to most of the hypotheses. |
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| A-0116 |
Anxiety Disorders and their treatment: An Irish Perspective.
Agnes Tully Clarke A-0116 Anxiety Disorders and their treatment: An Irish Perspective. Agnes Tully Clarke Nationa University of Ireland Glaway Ireland Anxiety disorders are believed to affect up to 25% of our population. These disorders are frequently very debilitating and chronic in nature, resulting in significant deterioration in quality of life and increased use of primary care services. This review aims: • To bring to awareness the prevalence and impact of anxiety disorders in Ireland • To highlight the lack of treatment services available to this client group. • To suggest waiting list alternatives such as psycho-education treatment approaches for this client group. Anxiety is the most common mental health disorder. Many anxiety victims go undiagnosed, despite their excessive use of the primary care services. Those diagnosed are forced to join long waiting lists for treatment, despite evidence of early intervention in Anxiety resulting in more positive outcomes. The unacceptably long waiting lists for those with anxiety disorders puts and encumbrance on us as health care professionals to find alternative treatment approaches for this client group that are both cost effective and evidence based. To this end also we must develop research studies into such novel treatments and ensure they are evidence based. Psycho-education approaches to treating anxiety disorders have gained popularity in recent times, largely due to their effectiveness as a treatment modality and also owing to their cost effectiveness. There is an ever growing body of empirical research supporting such approaches. Their cost effectiveness and empirically proven efficacy renders them excellent primary care treatment choices in the Irish health system, particularly in times of recession. |
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| 18:15 | End of program in this room | |
| Session room 3. program | ||
| 09:30 | Open paper session 6. Coping with stress in chronic illnesses - medical intervention Susanna Kola |
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| A-0002 |
Coping and Quality of Life among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Marita McCabe A-0002 Coping and Quality of Life among People with Multiple Sclerosis Marita McCabe1* E McDonald2 1School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia 2MS Society of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia There is a need to investigate the impact of different coping strategies on quality of life (QOL) of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), in order to better inform intervention programs for this population. This study evaluated the relationship between QOL and coping over a two year period among people with MS. Participants were 382 people with MS (144 male, 238 females) and 291 people without a neurological or other chronic illness from the general population (101 males, 190 females). People with MS experienced lower QOL than the control group in the domains of Global QOL, Independence, Social and Spiritual QOL scales, as well as the Problem-solving and Social/emotional support coping scales. Interestingly, people with MS experienced higher Psychological QOL than the general population, and higher Detachment and Focusing on the positive coping. Over time, people with MS demonstrated increases in their Global QOL as well as in their Social/emotional support coping. Women demonstrated higher levels than men of Global QOL and Social/emotional support coping. The results of these findings have implications for information and intervention programs for people with MS. |
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| A-0091 |
Reducing Anxiety in Colposcopy Patients: The Effects of Matching Level of Information and Preferred Coping Style
Susanna Kola A-0091 Reducing Anxiety in Colposcopy Patients: The Effects of Matching Level of Information and Preferred Coping Style S Kola*, J C Walsh School of Psychology, NUI Galway, Ireland Address for Correspondence: S Kola School of Psychology NUI Galway Ireland Email: s.kola1@nuigalway.ie Preparatory information does not always reduce anxiety in patients scheduled for a stressful medical procedure. This study assessed the effects of information-based interventions presented intra-procedurally and monitoring coping style on distress and anxiety in patients undergoing an invasive diagnostic procedure to examine pre-cancerous cervical lesions. One hundred and fifty five first-time colposcopy patients were randomly assigned to an information-avoidant (relaxation or cognitive distraction), information-high (video colposcopy), or a control condition. Main outcome measures included state anxiety, mood, physiological and observational measures of distress. Psychophysiological measures of anxiety significantly reduced over time, with the highest measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and heart rate obtained at baseline. A mixed analysis of variance demonstrated a significant time × information condition × monitoring status interaction on SBP, F(6, 294) = 4.01, p = .001. During colposcopy, low monitors exhibited significantly lower SBP than high monitors in the control condition, and high monitors displayed significantly lower SBP in the relaxation condition and the video colposcopy condition than in the control condition. There were no significant interactions between coping style and level of information on self-report measures of distress, although state anxiety and negative affect was significantly reduced following colposcopy. The results confirm that matching preferred coping style to level of information reduces physiological arousal associated with an invasive medical procedure, but mainly for patients with high monitoring coping style. Low monitors may have greater coping flexibility than high monitors, and may be able to utilise a variety of coping strategies. |
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| A-0073 |
The role of stress and anxiety in the onset of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Ariela Gigi A-0073 The role of stress and anxiety in the onset of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Ariela Gigi Behavioral Sciences Department, Ariel University Center, Israel. Background: In the CJD-afflicted brain we find spongiform tissue which causes death within a few months. The phenomenon whereby spongiform is found evidently emanates from an accumulation of an abnormal form of prion-proteins. On the cellular and molecular level, it has been suggested that various proteins such as chaperones are involved in this process. Over the last decade we have studied the inherited course of CJD among Jews of Libyan decent. Within this community the disease is linked to a specific dominant point mutation of the prion-protein gene (E200K). Aim: The summarized study focused on the identification of presymptomatic abnormality signs in healthy CJD E200K mutation carriers in comparison to healthy non-carriers from the same families. Methods: Participants were first-degree relatives of patients known to have been carriers of the E200K mutation and who had died from CJD. The study was conducted as a double-blind procedure including a test centering on anxiety. Results: Prominent and significant differences were found between healthy carriers and non-carriers particularly in anxiety levels. Conclusions: According to the results it is suggested that this abnormality in anxiety levels among the healthy CJD mutation carriers may reflect the disease onset especially during and following stressful experiences (biological and/or psychological). This hypothesis is strengthened by case studies and a careful review of literature dealing with psychological, physiological and cellular aspects. |
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| A-0131 |
The effect of physical activity on the psychological development of children with CP
Zsuzsanna Sáringer-Szilárd A-0131 The effect of physical activity on the psychological development of children with CP Zsuzsanna Saringer-Szilard PhD Zsofia Nadasi Pet? András Teacher Training and Training Institute of the Motor Disabled Education Theory, Budapest, Hungary The paper describes how Wii-Sport, a computer based virtual exercise console, was incorporated into Conductive Education in order to enhance physical activity (PA) for people with disabilities. We describe how a practice-based Wii-Sport model for children with cerebral palsy (CP) was used to provide sport and PA. Individuals with CP often lack muscle mass, are overweight or obese, have coordination problems, suffer sensory organ damage, and typically lack concentration skills. There is also the issue of the accompanying stress. Participants in the program, who lacked traditional sport skills exhibited perseverance, coordination, and extended concentration during Wii-Sport participation. We also observed them using muscle groups and limbs on their injured side. Despite reporting feeling tired and experiencing muscle soreness at the end of their playing period, participants often exhibited enthusiasm and a desire to do more. We believe that Wii-Sport can become an important vehicle to help individuals with disabilities develop active and healthy lifestyles in which sport and exercise play a central role. Using Wii-Sport for tennis, bowling, golf, baseball and boxing was clearly a tremendous addition to the adapted physical education program of the Pet? Institute. Wii-Sport provided the children with a chance to play sports just like their healthy peers. Wii-Sport was clearly a novel alternative for children with physical disabilities and was particularly beneficial for children with severe movement restrictions. Key words: Cerebral Palsy, PE, Wii Sport, endurance, physical activity, health |
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| A-0104 |
Depression in first-year college students: Examining the role of optimism and emotional support
Melina Condren A-0104 Depression in first-year college students: Examining the role of optimism and emotional support Melina Condren* E Greenglass York University, Toronto, Canada Social support and optimism were examined as predictors of depression in a longitudinal study of student well-being. This research builds on prior findings suggesting that optimism and social support are important factors in predicting positive psychological outcomes. The way in which the two variables act together to influence depression was examined using two mediation models. Lower levels of optimism predicted to greater depression two months later. A mediation model using optimism (time 1) as the predictor, emotional support (time 2) as the mediator, and depression (time 2) as the outcome indicated that the relationship between optimism and depression was fully mediated by emotional support (Model I). Because depression and emotional support were both measured at time 2, an alternative mediation model (Model II) was tested in which optimism (time 1) was the predictor, depression (time 2) was the mediator, and emotional support (time 2) was the outcome. Model II failed to provide full mediation, suggesting that the relationship found in Model I is not simply correlational. The results of this study provide new insight into the related roles of optimism and emotional support in preventing negative psychological outcomes. The transition from high school to university is stressful and may have serious effects on psychological health. Planned interventions to improve student well-being should focus on developing and maintaining supportive social networks. Future research should focus on exploring possible causal relationships between optimism and emotional support, and between emotional support and depression. |
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| 11:00 | Break | |
| 11:30 | Open paper session 8. Cross-cultural studies on perfectionism - individual coping strategies Banu Sayiner |
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| A-0179 |
Cross-cultural variation in the influence of key antecedents work-life balance: A comparison across three Anglo and two Asian samples
Thomas Kalliath A-0179 Cross-cultural variation in the influence of key antecedents work-life balance: A comparison across three Anglo and two Asian samples 1 Thomas Kalliath, 2 P. Brough, 3 M. O’DRISCOLL , 4 O. L. SIU, 5 D. LO, 6 M. MONROE 1 School of Management Marketing and International Business, Australian National University, 2 Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, 3 M. O’DRISCOLL, 4 Lingnan University, Hong Kong, 5 Shue Yan University, Hong Kong, 6 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Objectives: The objectives of the present study were (a) to empirically evaluate contribution of key antecedent variables of work-life balance using a newly developed measure; and (b) to compare the differences in the contribution of these antecedents across three Anglo and two Asian samples. Methods: In the first wave of a three-wave multi-national data collection project, data were collected across three Anglo samples (Canberra=1482; Brisbane=3832; New Zealand=853) and two Asian samples (China=4444; and HK=478). Structural equation modelling was used to empirically evaluate relationships between antecedents and outcomes, and to test structural models across samples. Results: Results showed that work-family conflict (time) was the most dominant antecedent variable across all five samples, with higher βs in Anglo samples (Canberra=-.52; Brisbane=-.58; and New Zealand=-.52) than in Asian samples (China=-.31; and HK=-.35). This was followed by Work-family conflict (strain) with βs in the range of -.20 to -.13. Work-family conflict (behaviour) presented lower βs for Anglo samples (Canberra=-.05; Brisbane=-.04; and NZ=ns) than in Asian samples (HK=-.20 and China=-.11). The other seven antecedent variables presented weak or non-significant βs. The predictor variables taken together explained more variance in work-life balance in the Anglo samples (Canberra=54%; Brisbane=61% and NZ=41%) than in Asian samples (China=24%; and HK=29%). Conclusions: The findings made two theoretical contributions (a) it identified the most influential antecedents of work-life balance and the relative strength of each; and (b) confirmed that culture was a moderator of work-life balance. These findings have theoretical, practice and policy implications, which will be discussed in the paper. |
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| A-0190 |
A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM and DEPRESSION (Turkey - USA Comparison)
Banu Sayiner A-0190 A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFECTIONISM and DEPRESSION (Turkey - USA Comparison) *Ass.Prof. Banu Sayiner *Res.Ass. Didem Sozen **Jeff Ashby *Istanbul Commerce University, Faculty of Arts and Literature *Georgia State University This study was designed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and depression in samples of Turkish and American university students. The sample includes students from Istanbul Commerce University and Georgia State University. The perfectionism of the university students is measured by Almost Perfect Scale by Slaney, Rice, Mobley, Trippi & Ashby (2001) ; depression is measured by Beck Depression Inventory-1978 Form The researchers hypothesize that there will be an inverse relationship between depression and adaptive perfectionism and a positive relationship between depression and maladaptive perfectionism for both samples. Additional analyses will compare the differential relationship of perfectionism to depression in each sample. The reseach data is analysed using statistical techniques, namely frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, Independent Sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls Test and correlation. The results of the study will be discussed including the potential cultural factors that may impact the relationship of perfectionism to stress. The results of the study will be discussed including the potential cultural factors that may impact the relationship of perfectionism to depression. Keywords: Perfectionism, Social Anxiety, Depression University students. |
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| A-0045 |
Work overload, affective disposition and meaning as predictors of work engagement
Hadassah Litman-Ovadia A-0045 Work overload, affective disposition and meaning as predictors of work engagement Hadassah Litman-Ovadia * Dept. of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University Center of Samaria. Science Park, Ariel 44837, Israel. Email: olontamar@bezeqint.net Objectives The purpose of this research was to investigate the interactive effect on work engagement of (a) affective disposition and meaningfulness of work and (b) work overload (as a measure of stress) and meaningfulness of work. Work engagement has an essential role in organizations as well in the individual and is in many respects antithetical to the well-researched topic of burnout (Shaufeli & Bakker, 2001). Methods: The research used four self-report questionnaires, completed by 252 employees (63% female) working in a variety of organizations and companies in Israel. Age ranged from 20 to 80 years old (M=33.7), and tenure was at least 6 months (M= 4.83 years); most participants (77.7%) had academic education. Results The results supported most, but not all, of the research hypotheses: (a) As hypothesized, there were significant positive correlations between work engagement and meaningful work on the one hand and between work engagement and affective disposition on the other. (b) As hypothesized, work meaningfulness moderated the relationship between affective disposition and work engagement. Specifically, the affective disposition-work engagement relationship was found to be positive when work was experienced as having low or no meaning at all. By contrast, with participants high in work meaning, there is no correlation between affective disposition and engagement. Regarding work overload, the findings were less clear. A positive relationship was found between work overload and work engagement, without interaction with work meaningfulness. Conclusions: The findings support recent findings (e.g., Steger, Frazier, Oishi, & Kaler, 2006) about the important role of meaning in work. |
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| 13:00 | Break | |
| 13:45 | Open paper session 10. Performance in school and emotional vulnerability Corneliu-Marius Cioara |
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| A-0136 |
Why Do Some Children Perform Better in Examinations? Influence of Test Anxiety on Mathematical Performance
Ng Ee Lynn A-0136 Why Do Some Children Perform Better in Examinations? Influence of Test Anxiety on Mathematical Performance Ng Ee Lynn, K Lee National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Two studies investigated the effects of test anxiety (TA) on children’s mathematical performance. The first study tested the processing efficiency theory’s (PET) predictions that: (i) the adverse effects of anxiety on performance increase as task demands on working memory capacity increase; (ii) state TA mediates the trait TA-task performance relationship. Ninety high and low trait TA children performed a mental arithmetic task under high and low memory load conditions, and under stressful and nonstressful conditions. Task accuracy and reaction time measures served as indicators of performance effectiveness and processing efficiency, respectively. Our results were inconsistent with the PET’s predictions: (i) in the stressful condition, the high trait TA group’s processing efficiency at high memory load was not reliably different from their low trait counterparts; (ii) the two trait TA groups did not differ in state anxiety levels in the stressful vs. nonstressful condition. The second study investigated these inconsistencies by modifying the research design: (a) an average load condition was included; (b) a negative feedback component was implemented in the stressful condition. Although data collection is currently ongoing, preliminary findings indicate that: (i) the high trait TA group showed lower processing efficiency than their low trait counterparts as memory load increased, particularly in the stressful condition; (ii) negative feedback successfully induced higher state anxiety in the high trait TA group vs. the low trait group. Our findings demonstrate the applicability of the PET to a child population and the importance of including a situational stress variable in test anxiety studies. |
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| A-0043 |
The relationships between chemistry laboratory anxiety and chemistry attitudes
N. Izzet Kurbanoglu A-0043 The relationships between chemistry laboratory anxiety and chemistry attitudes Ahmet AKIN Mithat TAKUNYACI N. Izzet KURBANOGLU* Sakarya University Faculty of Education Educational Science Department Sakarya University Faculty of Education Mathematics Education Department Sakarya University Faculty of Education Science Education Department: Corresponding author The purpose of this study was two fold: (a) to examine the relationships between chemistry laboratory anxiety and chemistry attitudes and (b) to investigate gender differences in terms of the chemistry laboratory anxiety and chemistry attitudes. Participants of the study were 78 university students who enrolled chemistry laboratory course. Of the participants 33 were male and 45 were female. The Chemistry Laboratory Anxiety Instrument (CLAI, Bowen, 1999; Azizoglu & Uzuntiryaki, 2006) and The Chemistry Attitudes Scale (Geban et al., 1994) were used as measures. In correlation analysis, working with chemicals, using equipment and procedures, collecting data, working with other students, and having adequate time subscales of chemistry laboratory anxiety instrument were negatively related to chemistry attitudes. Also there were no significant gender differences in terms of the chemistry laboratory anxiety and chemistry attitudes. Keywords: Chemistry laboratory anxiety, Chemistry attitudes. |
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| A-0030 |
Cognitive biases and emotional vulnerability; assessing the causal involvement of the attentional orientation pattern in functional and dysfunctional affective reactivity
Corneliu-Marius Cioara A-0030 Cognitive biases and emotional vulnerability; assessing the causal involvement of the attentional orientation pattern in functional and dysfunctional affective reactivity Corneliu-Marius Cioara1* 1Department of Psychology, University of Oradea, Romania Universitatii St., no. 1, 410087 Oradea, Bihor County, Romania e-mail: mcioara@uoradea.ro Explicitly assumed in some cognitive models of anxiety (Williams et al., 1997; Eysenck, 1997; Eysenck et al., 2007), but tacitly accepted by many other authors, the hypothesis of a causal involvement of attentional biases in anxiety’s etiology still misses a satisfactory empirical support. Following MacLeod et al.’s (2002) procedure, we induced attentional biases toward and against verbal threatening stimuli to healthy volunteers (N=109) and then we assessed the quality and intensity of emotional consequences in the context of an unsolvable task doubled by negative feedback. The results indicated that our manipulation has been effective only in determining biases for those stimuli used in the induction stage, but it didn’t succeed in inducing generalized attentional patterns (also for other emotional stimuli with similar characteristics). Under these conditions, the data didn’t support the presumed causal relationship between the attentional orientation pattern and emotional reactivity, even when the global distress level, the functional or dysfunctional negative emotions were used as dependent variables. In depth analysis made separately on different trait anxiety levels and by controlling the pretest state anxiety doesn’t bring supplementary support for the main hypothesis. So, the key factor in successfully inducing generalized attentional biases through the Dot probe paradigm seems not to be the number of exposure trials, but the diversity of the stimuli. Keywords: emotional vulnerability, attentional biases. |
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| A-0122 |
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING and LOCUS OF CONTROL AS A DETERMINANT OF PERFECTIONISM: A SAMPLE OF FUTURE’S WORKFORCE
Banu Sayiner A-0122 PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING and LOCUS OF CONTROL AS A DETERMINANT OF PERFECTIONISM: A SAMPLE OF FUTURE’S WORKFORCE Ass.Prof Banu SAYINER*, M.A.Işık DOGANGUN**, Res.Ass Didem SOZEN* Prof. Munevver TURANLI*** * Istanbul Commerce University, Faculty of Arts and Literature ** Istanbul Commerce University, Faculty of Arts and Literature, Personal Development and Psychological Counseling Center *** Istanbul Commerce University, Faculty of Commercial Sciences The main purpose of study is to examine the relationship between subjective well-being, perfectionism and locus of control. The sample of this study is 226 students in Istanbul Commerce University, attending to two faculties (Faculty of Arts and Literature and Faculty of Commercial Sciences). Gender, age, lycee type, faculty, department, and accomodation were asked to collect demographic information of the subjects. The measures used in this study are Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The research data is analysed using statistical techniques, namely frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, Independent Sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls Test and correlation. The result of research has shown that there are significant differrences between the variables related to the demographic characteristics when they analyzed with respect to the perfectionism, well-being and locus of control. Keywords: psychological (subjective) well-being, locus of control, perfectionism, university students. |
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| 15:15 | Break | |
| 16:35 | Open paper session 13. Negative/positive emotions in stress and coping Andrew M Lane |
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| A-0040 |
Can anger and tension be helpful? Relationships between mood states and emotional intelligence during optimal performance
Andrew M Lane A-0040 Can anger and tension be helpful? Relationships between mood states and emotional intelligence during optimal performance Andrew M Lane 1* T J Devonport 1 University of Wolverhampton Objectives Unpleasant high activation emotions such as anger and tension can be helpful for goal achievement. According to Lane and Terry (2000), when anger and/or tension are experienced with depression, they tend to be harmful. By contrast, when the same emotions are experienced with pleasant emotions, they tend to be helpful. The present study examines the moderating effect of depressed mood on relationships between high activation unpleasant mood (anger and tension), low activation pleasant mood (calmness and happiness) and trait emotional intelligence in relation to optimal performance. Methods Male athletes (N = 221) completed the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS: Terry et al., 2003) to retrospectively assess emotional states experienced during an optimal performance. A trait emotional intelligence scale was also completed (Emotional Intelligence Scale; Schutte, et al., 1998). Results To examine the proposed moderating effect of depression, participants were separated into a no-depression group and a depressed mood group. Results indicated that relationships differed between groups. In the no-depression group, tension and anger showed a positive relationship with happiness. By contrast, in the depression group, happiness and tension were inversely related. Vigour and happiness correlated with emotional intelligence in the no-depression group and were unrelated in the depression group. These results suggest that athletes with higher emotional intelligence generate more happiness and vigour, and these emotions may help to utilise/appraise tension and anger as facilitative. Conclusions Findings indicate that athletes report high activation unpleasant emotions (anger and tension) as helpful for performance when coupled with happiness, vigour and emotional intelligence. |
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| A-0124 |
The role of positive emotions in stress and coping
Raimo Rajala A-0124 The role of positive emotions in stress and coping Raimo Rajala Faculty of Education, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland Until recently, positive emotions (PE’s) have been a neglected issue in research into stress and well-being. The importance of PE’s is however acknowledged in stress and coping research. Lazarus, Kanner and Folkman (1980) have distinguished three functions which positive emotions have in the stress and coping process. PE’s serve as restorers of coping resources, sustainers of coping, and breathers by giving a chance to get away from threat. Ong et al. (2006) have added two more functions of PE’s. PE’s foster recovery from stress and build up resistance to stressors. The five functions of PE’s were investigated in two two-wave panel design data sets drawn from Finnish school teachers (n=106 and 85) with 5- and 12-month time lags. The measures used were positive negative emotions, teaching difficulties, cognitive appraisals and coping efforts. Coefficient alphas for the scales ranged between .64 and .88. The data was analyzed using multiple regressions. The initial easure of the focal variable was always controlled for. Results indicated that very negligible support was found for restoring of coping resources. The same was true for motivating and sustaining adaptive coping. The strongest evidence was noticed for the functions of giving a breather in stress and threat and fostering recovery from stress. The role of PE’s in fostering resistance to stressors was ambiquous because PE’s only increased the harmfull effect of stressors for long-term indicators of stress and the opposite was true for short-term indicators of stress. |
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| A-0070 |
Is voluntary hyperventilation an effective method of generating subjective anxiety?
Cristina Mae Wood A-0070 Is voluntary hyperventilation an effective method of generating subjective anxiety? Cristina Mae Wood & A R Cano-Vindel Psychology Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Voluntary hyperventilation (VH) has been frequently used over the past years as a fast, safe, economic and artificial way of inducing anxiety in the laboratory. Another very different method, which generally provokes high levels of anxiety in the majority of people, is to ask someone to prepare a speech (PS), in a short period of time, before being video taped. The aim of this laboratory study, with a non-clinical sample (n = 78), is to test two hypotheses: (1) even though VH induces an elevated physiological arousal (heart rate and skin conductance) it will be accompanied by low self-informed levels of anxiety (four emotional experience parameters: valence, intensity, and lack of control over thoughts and physical sensations), and (2) PS, on the other hand, apart from generating high levels of arousal, will provoke a significant increase in the subjective measures of anxiety. Results support these two hypotheses. Implications will be discussed in relation to the frequent use of VH in clinical practice as an interoceptive exposure method with patients suffering from panic attacks. More attention should be paid to the role played by cognitive biases in panic attacks. Key words: anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, cognitive biases, heart rate, panic attacks, skin conductance, voluntary hyperventilation. |
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| A-0106 |
Measuring depression in early Rheumatoid Arthritis: a comparison of the CES-D and HADS-D Scales
Tanya Covic A-0106 Measuring depression in early Rheumatoid Arthritis: a comparison of the CES-D and HADS-D Scales Tanya Covic1, * J F Pallant2 A Tennant3 S Cox4 P Emery4 P G Conaghan4 1University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia Postal Address: School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, NSW, Australia 1797 Email: t.covic@uws.edu.au 2University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 3University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom 4Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom Objectives: While depression is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reported prevalence varies considerably. The objectives of this study were to test if two commonly used depression scales, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (a) satisfy current modern psychometric standards for unidimensional measurement in an early RA sample; (b) measure the same construct; and (c) identify similar levels of depression. Methods: Ninety-two patients with early RA (62% female, mean age = 56.3, SD = 13.7) completed CES-D and HADS-D scales. The Rasch measurement model was used to test the scales’ unidimensionality, co-calibrate the scales on a single continuum of depression and examine the location of the cut points on the underlying continuum as indication of the prevalence of depression. Results: Fit of the data from the CES-D was found to be poor, and the scale had to be reduced to 13 items to satisfy Rasch measurement criteria whereas the HADS-D met model expectations in its full form. The CES-D gave a much higher prevalence of depression than the HADS-D. The two scales combined (CES-D13 and HADS-D) met Rasch model expectations. Conclusions: The CES-D13 scale requires further evaluation before it can be used in a clinical setting while the HADS-D appears valid for early RA use. Both scales measure the same underlying construct but their cut points when using the original version of CES-D lead to different estimates of the level of depression. |
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| A-0141 |
Destructive and constructive? Frozen emotions and harmonic wavepatterns in emotion.
Kees L. Blase A-0141 Destructive and constructive? Frozen emotions and harmonic wavepatterns in emotion. Blase,Kees L. HartFocus, training, certification and research In 2005 Kees Blase organized a master class emotions and sport in Amsterdam together with Yuri Hanin. He presented research on the positive effect of joy, appreciation and gratefulness on HRV (HeartRateVariability) and Yuri Hanin showed the positive effect of well timed aggression in sport performance. Both had stopped to define positive and negative emotions and talked about emotions positive for the body and negative for the body. Daniel Goleman and Dalai Lama defined constructive and destructive emotions (2005). After measuring HRV during catharsis in trauma healing, HRV during sadness and HRV in aggression training Kees Blase came to the new definition: frozen emotions and emotions in movement (2008, BFE congress, BiofeedbackFoundationEurope). The new emotion language is based on physiological effects in the body. In this STAR presentation the five main movements in the body will be defines related to the emotions: anxiety, anger, joy, obsession and sadness. HRV patterns are showed when the body is in a state of safety and in the state of fight and flight. The exaggerated state will be described when a strong or frozen emotion blocks moving processes in the body and becomes structure bound. This connects with psychiatric disorders. With this research we can understand why we need in conflict affected areas music, rhythm, playfulness and dancing together. |
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| 18:15 | End of program in this room | |
| Poster room program | ||
| 09:30 | Poster session 2. Usha Rout |
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| A-0072 |
Effects of anxiety and perfectionism on somatic symptoms in children
Ivanka Zivcic-Becirevic A-0072 Effects of anxiety and perfectionism on somatic symptoms in children Ivanka Zivcic-Becirevic, J Juretic, I Jakovcic, S Bojtor Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Croatia It is found that more than 50% of elementary school children experience one of the somatic symptoms. Anxiety problems in childhood are often reflected in somatic disorders. Positive relationship between anxiety symptoms, anxiety sensitivity and psychosomatic symptoms in children has been proved, but not many research checked the relationship of psychosomatic symptoms with different dimensions of anxiety. The main goal of this research was to explore the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, perfectionism, different dimensions of anxiety (physical symptoms, social and separation anxiety and harm avoidance) and psychosomatic symptoms in elementary school children. The frequency of psychosomatic symptoms, as well as the level the child is disturbed by them, was measured. As the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety is well known, we wanted to check the effects of perfectionism on somatic symptoms. Sex differences in measured variables are also assessed. 294 children (152 boys and 142 girls; mean age 12,74 years) completed The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Psychosomatic symptoms Questionnaire for children and adolescents and Adaptive/Maladaptive Perfectionism Scale. The results show sex differences in all measures (girls scoring higher), besides the frequency of somatic symptoms. Perfectionism is related to the frequency of somatic symptoms and disturbance by them only in girls, while anxiety sensitivity has the same significant effect on somatic symptoms in all children. Three dimensions of anxiety (physical symptoms, social and separation anxiety) are related to somatic symptoms, while harm avoidance anxiety dimension has no effect. Implications for prevention and treatment interventions are discussed. |
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| A-0082 |
Dynamic model of psychological changes in chronic pain: Two steps testing
Petr Knotek A-0082 Dynamic model of psychological changes in chronic pain: Two steps testing Petr Knotek Department of Clinical Psychology and Center for Pain Management and Research, Univ. Hospital Motol, Czech republic, Prague Objectices: Two main principles have been known in modern psychology of chronic pain: 1) Principle of feed back processes, supposing that pain appraisal and pain experience consequently elicit "pain catastrophising", fear, anxiety-avoidance, depression and disability. Finaly, the whole circle is finished in change of pain appraisal and pain experience, and starts again. 2) Principle of feed forward process, supposing that pain and its cognitive processing start affective and cognitive changes ("suffering"), and changes of behavior finally. Newely we suppose model unifyng both models: A) Pain and pain beliefs start consecutively fear and observation of pain, withdrawal and resignation, affects (anxiety, anger, depression), and finaly self perception changes and responses of family (feed forward processes). B) Responses of family change affects, self perception changes change pain beliefs, and fear and observation of pain change intensity of pain (feed back processes). Methods: 6 factors of model, Pain, Pain Beliefs, Fear and Observation of Pain, Withdrawal and Resignation, Affects, Family, and Self-Perception was assessed by 11 tests, measured 19 variables. Model unyfying feed back and feed forward principles we tested in two steps, involving feed back processes (Ad A), and feed forward processes (Ad B), using EQS package. Results: Both steps of testing fits data very well (CFI is 0.95 and 0.96). The cognitive mediated changes, started by Pain beliefs are bigger, than psychophysiological changes via feed back between Pain and Fear and Observation of Pain. Conclusions: Model unifying main principles of feed forward and feed back models is valid. |
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| A-0197 |
Procrastination and test anxiety at school - Does optimism serve as mediator?
Stefanie Pfeiffer A-0197 Procrastination and test anxiety at school - Does optimism serve as mediator? Stefanie Pfeiffer, Petra Buchwald, Vera Malsch & Christina Thorwesten Bergische University Wuppertal, Germany Test anxiety is a common phenomenon at school for many students and avoidance a typical behavior pattern of students to cope with it. Therefore, most students who experience test anxiety also have a problem with procrastination. They often avoid studying, but start to worry about that a day or two before a test. This pattern of avoidance leads to a loss cycle: Procrastination leads to last minute cramming, which leads to test anxiety, which leads to self-doubts, which leads to excessive anxiety during a testing situation, which may lead to poor performance. In a cross-sectional study we used a sample group of 1600 students in an attempt to discover whether procrastinators are more susceptible to the onset of test anxiety and whether optimism mediates this relationship. Within the framework of the conservation of resources theory (COR theory; Hobfoll, 1998) it can be hypothesized that test anxiety is a result of permanent avoidance and procrastination, existing in an environment where limited renewal of resources exists (Buchwald & Hobfoll, 2004). Our findings should give some insights into the relationship of test anxiety, procrastination and optimism. Conclusion for how to deal with test anxiety should be discussed. |
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| A-0059 |
Performance Anxiety: Cardiorespiratory Activity in High- and Low-anxious Professional Music Students in a Performance Situation
Patrick Gomez A-0059 Performance Anxiety: Cardiorespiratory Activity in High- and Low-anxious Professional Music Students in a Performance Situation Patrick Gomez 1, R Studer 1, H Hildebrandt 2, M Arial 1, B Danuser 1 1 IST - Institut de Santé au Travail (Institute for Work and Health), Lausanne, Switzerland 2 SHZM - Schweizerisches Hochschulzentrum für Musikphysiologie (Swiss University Centre for Music Physiology), Switzerland Contact information of the presenting author: Dr. sc. Patrick Gomez Institut de Santé au Travail Rue du Bugnon 21 CH-1011 Lausanne Tel: 0041 (0) 21 3144988 Fax: 0041 (0) 21 3147420 E-Mail: patrick.gomez@hospvd.ch Questionnaire studies indicate that high-anxious musicians may suffer from hyperventilation symptoms before and/or during performance. Reported symptoms include shortness of breath, fast/deep breathing, dizziness and thumping heart. However, no study has yet tested if these self-reported symptoms reflect actual cardiorespiratory changes. The main goal of this study was to determine if music performance anxiety is manifested physiologically in specific correlates of cardiorespiratory activity. The second goal was to determine if there is a response coherence between the actual physiological activation and the self-perceived physiological symptoms. We studied 74 professional music students of Swiss Music Universities divided into two groups (high- and low-anxious) based on their self-reported performance anxiety (STAI). The students were tested in three situations: baseline, audience-free performance, public performance. We measured a) breathing patterns, end-tidal CO2 (a good non-invasive estimator for hyperventilation) and cardiac activation and b) self-perceived emotions and self-perceived physiological activation. Analyses of heart rate, respiratory rate, self-perceived palpitations, self-perceived shortness of breath and self-perceived anxiety for the 15 most and the 15 least anxious musicians showed that high-anxious and low-anxious music students had a comparable physiological activation during the different measurement periods. However, high-anxious music students felt significantly more anxious and perceived significantly stronger palpitations and significantly stronger shortness of breath just before and during the public performance. The results indicate that low- and high-anxious music students a) do not differ in the considered physiological responses and b) differ in the considered self-perceived physiological symptoms and the self-reported anxiety before and/or during a public performance. |
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| A-0005 |
Relationship between life satisfaction ,happiness and dysfunctional attitudes among students
Hossnieh Goodarzi A-0005 Relationship between life satisfaction ,happiness and dysfunctional attitudes among students Hossnieh Goodarzi Islamic Azad University, Azadshar Branch Purpose of this study was examination of relation between Dysfunctional Attitudes and Satisfaction with life. Method of this study was description and co relational that administered on 200 students in Islamic Azad University Azadshahr unit. Measurement tools were scale. We used t-test for independents groups and correlation coefficient and observed r=0.04 that didn’t significant. We didn’t observe any significant difference among student with high Dysfunctional Attitude and low Dysfunctional Attitude in Satisfaction |
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| A-0145 |
Where in our bodies do we feel stress? - Gender and age differences
Natasa Jokic-Begic A-0145 Where in our bodies do we feel stress? - Gender and age differences Natasa Jokic-Begic, A Lauri Korajlija, T Jurin, L Arambasic Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb Objective: Although the autonomous nervous system is universally activated during a stressful event, the perceived intensity and location of the subjective experience of stress varies largely. The aim of the present study was to identify gender and age differences in the perception of physiological changes during a stressful event. Methods: The subjects were 564 children and 516 adults, both male and female (aged 7 - 68 years). A drawing task was used, which allowed subjects to indicate parts of the body where stress was felt without the imposition of any preconceived ideas by the researcher. On a human body silhouette subjects were asked to indicate the parts of the body where they felt bodily changes during a stressful situation. Results: According to the drawing task, boys more frequently felt stress symptoms in the thorax and legs, while girls more frequently reported feeling stress in the head and abdominal organs. Younger children (up to 10 yrs) of both genders, in comparison to older children, more frequently felt stress symptoms in the neck, shoulders, arms and legs. Older subjects reported feeling more stress symptoms in internal organs, and women, in comparison to men, more frequently felt symptoms of stress in the head, shoulders and chest. Adult men most frequently felt stress symptoms in the gastrointestinal organs. Conclusion: It was found that there are both age and gender differences in the perception of physiological changes during stressful situations. Such differences must be taken into account in preventive and therapeutic interventions. |
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| A-0187 |
Worry among young adults living in ongoing security uncertainty
Ora Peleg A-0187 Worry among young adults living in ongoing security uncertainty Dr. Ora Peleg University of Haifa, Israel The aim of the current study was to investigate worry about terror as a mediating variable, with the exogenous variables being media viewing, differentiation and trait anxiety, and the endogenous variables being somatic symptoms and perceptions of security-related stress. The second purpose was to examine differences in levels of worry in the following groups: place of residence, cultural affiliation, religious commitment, gender, and age, using a sample of university students and adolescents. The study yielded several results. First, the central finding was that worry about terror was a significant mediating variable in the relationship between the extent of media viewing following terror events and the level of perception of security-related stress. That is, young people who said they worried a lot reported a high level of stress relating to the terror events they saw covered in the media. Second, a surprising result found in the present study was the significant positive correlation found between levels of differentiation and stress perception. That is, participants who reported a high level of differentiation also reported greater security-related stress. Third, differences were found among the groups in levels of worry. The findings honed the importance of the differential diagnosis concerning exposure to the media. Also, they strengthen the need to distinguish between understanding the influence of differentiation in daily coping versus coping with crises and stressful situations. Finally, the differences among cultural and religious groups point to the capability of various factors (e.g., faith in God, group coherence) to fortify the emotional strength of people who live in a difficult and threatening reality. Taken together, the data present a profile of the group of young adults most vulnerable to worry: secular Jewish females who live in centrally located urban centers. |
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| A-0026 |
Curiosity-trait and health related quality of life after heart attack: the role of coping as a mediator
Dorota Wlodarczyk A-0026 Curiosity-trait and health related quality of life after heart attack: the role of coping as a mediator Dorota Wlodarczyk1 K. Wrzesniewski2 1 Warsaw Medical University 2 Warsaw School of Social Sciences The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between curiosity-trait (C-t) and health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI) with subjective health status (SHS) and satisfaction with life (SwL) as its indicators. The role of coping strategies as a mediator was verified as well, for men and women separately. Patients after MI (122 men and 55 women) were observed for three weeks during their post MI rehabilitation. All participants underwent angioplasty as a form of their treatment. Questionnaires with good psychometric values were used to measure studied variables: C-t were tested by means of STP by Spielberger; SHS - by means of NHP by Hunt et al.; SwL - by means of SWLS by Diener et al.; coping strategies - by means of CHIP by Endler and Parker. It turned out that both in men and women high C-t were related to high SwL and better HRQL (correlations stronger in women). There were gender differences in correlations with coping strategies. The criteria necessary for testing mediation were fulfilled in case of two coping strategies. In women distraction coping was a significant mediator in the relationship between C-t and SwL. In men emotional preoccupation was a mediator of the relationship between C-t and HRQL. The study revealed that men and women differ in coping strategies which mediate in the relationship between C-t and HRQL. Moreover different aspects of HRQL are affected by these strategies. |
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| A-0016 |
Examination of the background of the self-confidence among the handicapped students
Zita László A-0016 Examination of the background of the self-confidence among the handicapped students Zita Laszlo University of Pécs, Facultaty of Natural Sciences Institute for PE and Sport Sciences With the relationship of the European Union there’s more and more topics come up in our country about the integrated education and in the schools which can receive those students required specific education for disabled children in order to give them the same chance to learn and to adapt to the society. Will the integrated teaching be realized in the Hungarian public education among the present circumstances? Unquestionable, to solve this problem the teachers and all people who are employed at school need to change their attitude from the syllabus-concentrated and performance-concentrated point of view. They should change their position on this issue and open to the real children’s concentrated teaching. One of these possibilities can be the integrated teaching of these children required specific education in the physical education at school, where among the play and liberated circumstances there’s a bigger chance of coeducation, acceptance and having „the differences” accepted and learning now to deal with the cases go together. The self-confidence is the main basis of our inner energy which supposes the real self-knowledge, too. The self-confidence and the self-knowledge are the results of a long, consistent and hard inner process. In our opinion the handicapped students have to take on their differences and disadvantages compared to their healthy classmates so as to take part with their own personalities in everyday school life; however they have to possess stronger self-confidence and be aware of their own values. Alternative possibilities of games in the physical education and the experience of happiness with the help of a suitable pedagogical control should help the handicapped students to keep up with their work and be more self-assured in different territories. The real and realizable coeducation during the PE lessons can conducive the development of the social relationships, the evolution of the physical abilities and having a good and useful free time. In our examination with a questionnaire Martens et al. (CSAI-2) we examined the handicapped students between 10-14 ages and 15-18 ages in connection with their performances during the PE lessons. The conclusion can be draw from the results for the rates of cognitive distress and somatic distress and for the scales of self-confidence among the examined students. We compared the obtained data with Ferreira (2005) data among the handicapped sportsmen. According to our results we think that the experienced mood of the PE lessons during the pedagogical influence and help can strengthen the self-confidence of the student required specific education. But not the common activities, like games and sport have an important role in changing the point of view of the healthy students, in education of tolerance, in adapting to different situations, in acceptance of circumstances given by „differences” as a natural and in the personality forming. Key words: integrated education, disabled children, self-confidence |
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| A-0175 |
Emotional distress and psychological trauma in LD children: Evidence from a semi-projective technique.
Dimitris Nikolopoulos A-0175 Emotional distress and psychological trauma in LD children: Evidence from a semi-projective technique. Dimitris Nikolopoulos*, K Hatira Department of Psychology - University of Crete, Crete, Greece This presentation reports on the results of phase-1 of a longitudinal study aiming to examine the impact of chronic school failure on LD individuals using a variety of psychometric and projective tools. We report the results of a newly devised semi-projective technique (a sentence completion task) in which 236 participants -i.e. 151 children with average/good academic performance and 85 children with Learning Disabilities- were asked to express the thoughts, feelings, dreams and wishes of an ‘imaginary’ child of their own age. Some of the questions of this task purposefully focused on school learning. Content analysis showed that the LD individuals: (a) mentioned a high percentage of terrifying nightmares, and (b) did not ‘admit’ their learning disabilities, even though in subsequent questions the majority admitted a projection of their own thoughts and feelings to the ‘imaginary’ child. On the contrary, participants with ‘average/good’ academic performance answered in a more positive way, while the percentage of terrifying nightmares was significantly lower. The overall response pattern of LD individuals resembled the relevant DSM-IV reaction pattern of individuals with psychological trauma/post-traumatic distress. Our results will be discussed in the light of other research evidence suggesting the existence of a particular sub-type of trauma in LD individuals where the cumulative effect of repeated moments of failure, humiliation and/or the frightening experience of helplessness (in school) may result to a feeling of trauma and call into question fundamental qualities of the self (McNulty, 2003). |
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| A-0035 |
The mediating effect of coping on stress and health relationships in Thai nursing students
Piyanee Klainin A-0035 The mediating effect of coping on stress and health relationships in Thai nursing students Piyanee Klainin, PhD, RN Assistant Professor Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Block E3A, Level 3, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574. Office Phone: 65 6516 7789, Fax: 65 6776 7135, E-mail: nurpk@nus.edu.sg Objectives: There are limited studies concerning the relationships among stress, coping, and health in nursing students in Thailand. This research aims to; a) examine the effect of stress on physical and psychological health in Thai nursing students and b) to test the mediating effect of coping on the stress and health relationships. Methods: A non-experimental research was utilised. Participants would be eligible for this study if they; a) enrolled in one of nursing programmes at a University in Bangkok, Thailand (undergraduate, Advanced Diploma, Master’s, and PhD programme) and b) were not diagnosed with any chronic illnesses. A convenience sample of 335 nursing students was recruited. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to participants. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, and structural equation modelling. Results: Nursing students experienced multiple stressors related to their study, work, family, and daily activities. Factor analyses revealed that coping had four factors including cognitive-oriented, problem-oriented, avoidant-oriented, and emotion-oriented coping. Nursing students who had higher levels of stress were more likely to report poorer physical and psychological health. Coping partially mediated the effect of stress on physical health and psychological health. The mediating effect was stronger for physical health than psychological health. Conclusion: Stress among nursing students should be monitored and effectively managed to prevent further deleterious effects on their health. A stress management programme focusing on teaching coping strategies could be established and delivered. Further research should be undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the programme. |
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| A-0055 |
The role of schools in helping children deal with disasters: lessons learnt from recent New Zealand events
Ruth A. Tarrant A-0055 The role of schools in helping children deal with disasters: lessons learnt from recent New Zealand events 1Ruth A Tarrant, 1D Johnston, 2K Ronan, 1J Becker 1 Joint Centre for Disaster Research, School of Psychology, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand 2 School of Psychology & Sociology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia The role of schools following natural disasters has received recent attention in the literature and has identified the need for proactive interventions to help children and adults deal with disasters. For example, following a 2003 earthquake in Te Anau, New Zealand, re-opening the school immediately following the event was found to have more potential in helping children’s recovery than a prolonged school closure. While more research is needed to increase confidence, some evidence supports the idea that helping schoolchildren get back into routines is useful, and can potentially aid in normal recovery. More generally, getting back into routines within a community is currently considered to be part of “best practice” following a hazardous event. In addition to helping normal response and recovery actions, response- and early recovery-based programs can also engage in outreach, and screen for those in greater need (i.e., those experiencing more event-related distress). For example, following a 1995 volcanic eruption in New Zealand, Ronan and Johnston (1999) demonstrated that hazard-relevant education programs assisted children to reduce hazard-related fears and increase their coping ability. During non-crisis times, having an understanding of children’s perceptions of natural hazards and perceived preparedness is useful for designing and monitoring hazard education programs in schools and the community. This paper will discuss the role of schools in helping children deal with disasters, using three case studies from New Zealand - an earthquake (2003), a snow storm (2006), and a trial and evaluation of a school-based hazards-preparation program. |
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| A-0085 |
Conscious cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the quality of emotional and physical life
Eva Kallay A-0085 Conscious cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the quality of emotional and physical life Eva Kallay*, Ioana Tincas , Oana Benga Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania The regulation of emotions is an omnipresent aspect of human functioning. These phenomena guide our functioning in both normal and extreme conditions. The major objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between conscious cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the quality of emotional and physical life in both normal population and individuals exposed to traumatic events (life-threatening illness, death of a loved one, separation, accidents, etc.). Consequently, our study included 347 adults (221 female and 126 male participants) out of which 131 relatively recently facing a highly stressful situation. All participants were assessed with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), Brief-Cope (B-COPE), and quality of life measured with the SF-36. As anticipated, we have found significant differences between the quality of life of the normal population and those participants who faced highly stressful events, with significant variations depending on gender; (i.e., the lowest levels of emotional life quality were attained by female participants). The quality of life has been found to be differently associated with affectivity (positive and negative), in the two groups (trauma-normal). Thus, identifying the underlying conscious cognitive emotion regulation strategies assisted us in delineating pathways specific to certain risk populations. Based on the obtained results, we also propose specified techniques through which one may tailor interventions based on the contextual adaptation of emotion regulation strategies that may further lead to enhanced emotional texture and higher levels of quality of life. |
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| A-0173 |
Stress, Coping and Mental Health in Eastern European Students at UK Universities: a pilot study
Usha Rout A-0173 Stress, Coping and Mental Health in Eastern European Students at UK Universities: a pilot study Usha Rout 1 * M Janicova 2 J K Rout 3 1,2 University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK 3 Laxmi Medical Centre, Bolton, UK Address for correspondence: Laxmi Medical Centre, 263 Wigan Road, Bolton, BL3 5 QX, UK Email: usharout@hotmail.com Background: A number of overseas students in the UK universities is constantly rising (HESA, 2008a). The proportion of students from so called ‘Eastern Europe’ is also growing, particularly since many eastern bloc countries such as Poland, Lithuania, Slovakia and others joined the EU in January 2004 and travelling became less of an obstacle. While stress amongst students has been extensively studied, little is known about stress experienced by overseas students. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the sources of stress and coping styles in Eastern European students and to examine the relationship between perceived stress and mental health. Methods: The investigation was carried in two phases. Phase I involved in-depth semi-structured interviews. Phase II involved using a package of questionnaires measuring stress, coping and mental health. Of the 155 participants, 73. 5% were women. Results: Fifteen items were identified as the main stressors. Factor analysis of the stressors questionnaire generated four underlying factors. The most stressful situations involved: speaking in public, finding right English words and joining in a conversation. There was a positive correlation between the stressors and mental health ( i. e: depression and anxiety). The students used emotion focused coping styles more often during stressful situations. Conclusions: There may be substantial benefit in providing a support network system and counselling service for the students who suffer from stress. |
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| A-0041 |
Impact of emotion work on burnout among health care professionals
Mariann Kovács A-0041 Impact of emotion work on burnout among health care professionals Mariann Kovács12*, E Kovács23, K Heged?s2 1 Department of Applied Pedagogy and Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 2 Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary 3 Institute of Psychiatry, Behavioural Sciences Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Method: Sample of this questionnaire survey was health care professionals (response rate 30%, N=199; mean age 42.3 years; 83.4% female) in Hungary in 2008. Self-administered questionnaires were applied to collect data. Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, emotion work by the Frankfurt Emotion Work Scales and coping was measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and the Caldwell Support Dimension Scale was used as well. Results: Groups of physicians and nurses were compared analysing on several variables related to stress process including burnout, emotion work, coping strategies and social support. Nurses reported higher emotional dissonance (p<0.05), fewer regulation possibilities (p<0.05) for Interaction control and p<0.01 for Emotion control) and fewer regulation requirements regarding sensitivity and empathy (p<0.05). No significant differences were found concerning burnout. Burnout was significantly correlated with coping and social support. The strongest predictor for emotional exhaustion was emotional dissonance (regulation problem), for depersonalization the display of negative emotions (regulation requirement). Conclusion: The results indicate that interventions for involving emotional regulation in the burnout process may be effective reducing the risk for burnout. Key words: burnout, coping, health care professionals |
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| A-0068 |
Adolescents and parents coping strategies: Links with depressive symptoms
Blanca Barcelata A-0068 Adolescents and parents coping strategies: Links with depressive symptoms Blanca Barcelata E Lucio Psychology Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to assess the coping strategies of adolescents-parent dyads from a low-income neighborhood in Mexico City. A total of 33 adolescents with depressive symptoms, 66% males and 34% females, (mean age M=14.8 years, DS=2.98), and theirs parents (mean age M=33.5 years, DS=4.487) participated in this study. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A Spanish version, Lucio, 1997) was used to assess behavioral and emotional problems. Adolescent coping was measured by the Coping Responses Adolescents Questionnaire (Lucio and Villaurrel, 2008) and Hofboll’ Strategic Approach to Coping Scale -SACS- as adapted to the Mexican population (Lucio and Villegas, 2007) was applied to their parents. The majority of adolescents used dysfunctional coping according to Seiffge-Krenke’s category system (2000, 2002). Based on Compas’ dimensions (Connor-Smith and Compas, 2004) the strategies most often used by adolescents include involuntary engagement responses, voluntary disengagement coping as avoidance, wishful thinking or denial, as a mediator of depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, seeking social support from their peers was used in this sample. T-student values indicate no significant differences between adolescents’ and their parents’ coping strategies. Both adolescents and parents use dysfunctional coping strategies, which suggest the importance of parents in the development of adolescents’ coping skills. It is unclear the role of social support outside the family, as others studies suggest. It is therefore important carry on more studies, as well as, to promote active strategies in adolescents and their parents in school and clinical settings for handling daily hassles, including economic strains. |
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| A-0092 |
Role of perceived parental involvement and control in university student adjustment
Sanja Smojver-Azic A-0092 Role of perceived parental involvement and control in university student adjustment Sanja Smojver-Azic T Martinac Dorcic M Car Buncic Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts and Sciences University of Rijeka Adjustment to university can be challenging for students and can create significant emotional, interpersonal and academic problems which can be explained with different factors. Studies have confirmed a correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement in school aged children but less is known about this relation in university students. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in student adjustment in regard to perceived mother’s and father’s involvement and control of student academic functioning. Participants were 313 university students (135 males and 177 females) from 19 to 26 years. Anxiety and academic problems were assessed with College adjustment scales. Perception of parental involvement (parental support and interest) and control (intrusion and complaints from parents) were measured with questionnaire designed for this study. Students perceive mothers as more involved in their academic life and more controlling in regard to fathers. Girls perceived both parent as more involved and less controlling than boys. Two parenting dimensions have different relations with adjustment outcomes. For anxiety only parental control is important. Students who perceived more control in academic functioning from both parents were more anxious. This result is in accordance with general findings about parental control as significant determinant in the development of anxiety disorders. More difficulties in academic performance have students who perceived their parent less involved and more controlling which confirms that perception of parental involvement and control play significant role in adjustment not just in school aged children but also in university students. |
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| A-0202 |
Work-family conflict and health functioning in Chinese nurses
Jian Li A-0202 Work-family conflict and health functioning in Chinese nurses Jian Li 1, 2, *, HM Hasselhorn 2. 1 Department of Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany 2 School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China Objectives: It has been reported that work-family conflict (WFC) has negative effects on workers' health and productivity. However, few studies were reported from China. The objective of this paper was to examine the association between WFC and health functioning in a sample of Chinese female nurses. Methods: Data were obtained from the wave 1 survey of the Chinese NEXT Study. Both work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict together with health functioning (physical health and mental health) were assessed by questionnaire among 3088 female nurses working in hospitals. Results: The Chinese nurses perceived work-to-family conflict much higher than family-to-work conflict. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that both work-to-family and family-to-work conflict were significantly associated with declined physical and mental health, while work-to-family conflict had greater impact on health than family-to-work conflict. Conclusions: The conflict between work and family is an important risk factor to nurses' health. The influence of WFC on health could be further investigated in relation to psychosocial work characteristics with longitudinal design in future. |
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| 13:00 | Break | |
| 14:00 | Poster session 3. Albert Sesé |
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| A-0112 |
Regression to mean: modification of real-life stress data
Dmitry Alekseevich Dimitriev A-0112 Regression to mean: modification of real-life stress data Dmitry Alekseevich Dimitriev, E V Saperova, Y D Karpenko I. Y. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, Cheboksary, Russia Objectives: We have assessed the extent to which regression to mean (RTM) influences on the difference between baseline and stress levels of heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Methods: We compared HRV parameters and heart rate (HR) of students at rest and shortly before real life stress. 165 healthy female students (age 21.13±0.08 years) volunteered for the experiment. To study the role of probabilistic forecasting of results in the development of the real life stress affect on the heart rate control, each student was asked to predict her mark (group 1: expectation = actual mark; group 2: expectation > actual mark; group 3: expectation < actual mark). Graphs and linear regression method were used to identify RTM. RTM was adjusted with ANCOVA. Results: We find significant differences between groups during control day (group 2/3 HR, Mann-Whitney (U)=265.50; p=0.03; group 2/3 and 1/3 LF, p<0.05). We observed significant increase of HR and LF/HF in stress day for all groups, decrease of HF in groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). At the same time, there were no significant differences between groups in crude value of change (follow-up minus baseline measurements). Adjusted for RTM effects, differences in the values of change HR, LH, HF, LF/HF between groups were significant. Conclusion: Assessing change in HRV from rest to real life stress may underestimate or overestimate response, due to the impact of RTM and individual psychological features. This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (grant number 2.2.3.3/2028). |
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| A-0119 |
Anxiety towards statistics and academic performance in higher education. An endemic problem.
Albert Sesé A-0119 Anxiety towards statistics and academic performance in higher education. An endemic problem. Albert Sesé, A Palmer & J Pérez-Pareja Dr. Albert Sesé Assistant Professor and Full Dean Faculty of Psychology Balearic Islands University Ctra. de Valldemossa, km. 7’5 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain) E-mail: albert.sese@uib.es Department of Psychology, Balearic Islands University, Palma de Mallorca, Spain There is a great deal of evidence about how students find statistics so difficult in higher education scenarios. Courses in statistics produce some of the highest levels of anxiety in students of education and other non-math-oriented disciplines, and statistics examinations are more anxiety-inducing than other types of examinations. In general, a very poor academic performance on statistics is reported by academic authorities and professorship around the world. So that, this phenomenon increases students’ negative emotions and decreases their self-esteem and sense of control. These effects are very dysfunctional for the students and for educational institutions from the point of view of the quality of processes management. The aim of this study is to describe relationship between anxiety towards statistics and academic performance, using a sample of Bachelor of Psychology students. Other variables as attitude towards statistics, general anxiety, test anxiety, or emotional intelligence were also statistically controlled. Results show that these specific measures of anxiety about statistics have a significant relationship with academic performance in statistics while broader measures of anxiety do not. A better assessment of this specific anxiety could lead to better intervention programs for reducing statistics anxiety levels, and improving academic performance in statistics. |
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| A-0127 |
Behavioural activation and inhibition and perfectionism; a Gray area?
A. Michael Rennie A-0127 Behavioural activation and inhibition and perfectionism; a Gray area? A.Michael Rennie Department of Communication and Applied Behavioural Science Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst UK The Behavioural Activation System (BAS) and the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) were first proposed by Gray (1972, 1987 and 1999). Gray argued that there are two dimensions of personality; Anxiety and Impulsivity and that these two dimensions were influenced by the sensitivity of neurological responses to external stimuli. BIS inhibits behaviour that may lead to negative reward or painful outcomes The BAS on the other hand appears to be sensitive to rewards rather than punishment, activations of this system causes the person to “approach” the goal.. If this is the case it would be easy to speculate that perfectionism would be related to these systems in some way. The current study examines the relationships between Perfectionism as measured by the York Perfectionism Scale (YPS) and BIS/BAS as measured by Carver and White’s scale (1994). 106 undergraduate psychology students were administered the scales. The results with regard to BIS showed that for all three forms of perfectionism as described by the YPS, were not protected against the drive towards punishment. The BAS results are more confusing in that the activation systems appear sensitive to cues of reward and escape from punishment, although this was not supported by all the subscales in the BAS measure. With respect to the Drive subscale, the results would suggest that perfectionists are not driven in a way that relates to positive reward and this is mirrored by the results for the Reward Responsiveness subscale. The findings help point to the underlying mechanisms inherent to perfectionist behaviour. |
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| A-0017 |
Anxiety Level Increase as an Indicator of Crisis of a Young Scientist’s Professional Identity Formation
Valerijs Makarevics A-0017 Anxiety Level Increase as an Indicator of Crisis of a Young Scientist’s Professional Identity Formation Valerijs Makarevics Daugavpils University The researches of the identity formation process state that the crisis of identity is accompanied by the anxiety level increase. Studying the process of teacher-researcher’s formation we, first of all, analyzed the theoretical works in this field and singled out seven most frequently used criteria of professional identity: personality and historical time, values, professionalism, anxiety, autonomy, social roles, relations with mentors. On the basis of the data received the questionnaire with seven sub-scales was compiled for determining the level of professional identity formation. 1st, 2nd and 3rd year master students of pedagogy, as well as future doctors of pedagogy, took part in the research. The results of the research show that the anxiety level increases significantly with the 3rd year master students, at that the values in five more sub-scales decrease. This phenomenon is not observed with the doctoral students. It testifies to the fact that the 3rd year master students experience the crisis of young scientist’s professional identity formation. The significant increase of the anxiety level allows considering it as one of the main indicators of the crisis of a young scientist’s identity formation, consequently influencing his/her psychological health. Key words: identity, professional identity, crisis of the process of professional identity formation, anxiety, young scientist. |
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| A-0048 |
Job Demands and Resources As the Predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Health and Emergency Personnel
Izabela Mocarska A-0048 Job Demands and Resources As the Predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress Among Health and Emergency Personnel Izabela Mocarska & R. Cieslak Department of Psychology, Warsaw School of Social Psychology, Warsaw, Poland Health and emergency personnel working with the trauma survivors may be exposed to work stress, job burnout, and to secondary traumatization. This study implemented the Job Demands - Resources model to evaluate predictors of secondary traumatic stress among health and emergency workers. It was hypothesized that the high level of job demands (e.g., work stress) and the low level of resources (such as social support and self-efficacy) would be related to a high level of secondary traumatic stress. Data was collected among 100 participants. All variables were measured twice with a time gap of approximately 2 months. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that job demands and resources are related to secondary traumatic stress symptoms even after controlling for the initial level of secondary traumatic stress and demographic variables. Findings may be used to design interventions aiming at effective coping with work stress and demands related to indirect exposure to traumatic events among health and emergency personnel. |
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| A-0200 |
Psychological characteristics of the victims of a bus accident
Ágota Lénárt A-0200 Psychological characteristics of the victims of a bus accident Lénárt, Ágota*, Szokoly, M.**, Aradi, P.***, Péntek, I.**, Tóth, L.*, Gyömbér, N.* *Semmelweis University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Budapest, Hungary **Péterffy Sándor Hospital and Trauma Center, Budapest, Hungary ***Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary Introduction A bus has dived down to the courtyard of a factory, and crashed into a building in the most serious bus accident in Budapest in the last 10 years. Forty five passengers were on the bus, 16 people were injured seriously and 20 were injured easily. There were several spinal cord injuries. 66 percent of the injured passengers allowed to be examined (N=24; m=3; f=21). Methods Internationally applicable psychological tests (BDI short form, AAI-H, IIRS, RIES, PDS, and STPI-Y) together with Ways of Coping (W-C) Test (Folkman, Lazarus 1980) and Psychological Immune System Inventory (PISI) (Oláh, 1997, 2004) were accomplished one year after the accident. Clinical interviews were focused on the perception of the accident to the current situation. Results The anxiety was significantly correlated with depression, anger out and arousability (p<0,01). Arousability was significantly correlated with anger expression and depression (p<0,05). „Illness as a tool” subscale scores of IIRS were significantly correlated with depression, arousability and relations and personal development (p<0,05), as well as with anxiety (p<0.01). The „problem analysis” subscale (W-C) showed inverse relation with depression (p<0,01). The aim-oriented activity showed inverse relation with anger expression (p<0,01) and with anxiety (p<0,05). The emotional reaction was significantly correlated with depression and anxiety (p<0,05) as well as with intimacy (p<0,01). The intrusion into the memory was correlated with depression (p<0,01) and anxiety, intimacy and illness index (p<0,05). The avoidance toward the evolving situation was correlated with depression and anxiety (p<0,05) and with search for emotional balance and intrusion (p<0,01). The frequency of symptoms was correlated with depression, anxiety as well as relations and personal development and illness index, and intrusion and arousability (p<0,05). The seriousness of symptoms was correlated with depression, anxiety, relations and personal development, illness index, intrusion, frequency of symptoms (p<0,01); with arousability and avoidance toward the evolving situations (p<0,05). The seriousness was in inverse relation with the aim-focused activity (p<0,05). Posttraumatic clinical symptoms of PTSD and their treatment outcomes are also discussed in the presentation. Key words: PTSD, accident, anxiety, traumatic event |
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| A-0185 |
Anxiety Levels of Airport Technical Workers
Hülya M. Karagüven A-0185 Anxiety Levels of Airport Technical Workers Hülya M. Karagüven Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey For workers, most of the stressful events are related to the workplace. Stress is not only related directly to the work situation, such as dealing with dangerous heavy equipment or working in an uncomfortable environment but also related to inter-personal relationships on the job. People pressures such as unclear supervision, tension among team members and fear or aversion of conflict can cause stress and anxiety. The aim of this study is to examine anxiety the levels of airport technical workers. Additionally, need for relatedness and communal mastery levels of workers will be studied. Samples consist of 300 airport technical workers. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-STAI (Spielberger, et. al., 1970) Communal Mastery Scale-CMS (Hobfoll, 1992) and Need for Relatedness Scale-NRS (Richer & Vallerand, 1996) were used. In this paper the result of analyses will be supplied. Keywords: Anxiety, relatedness. |
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| A-0062 |
Job-related stress of kindergarten principals in Zuzhou
Wai Hing Cheuk A-0062 Job-related stress of kindergarten principals in Zuzhou Wai Hing Cheuk* and K S Wong Wai Hing Cheuk, Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China K S Wong, Hong Kong Institute of Eductaion, Hong Kong, China While much research has been done on job-related stress of elementary and secondary school principals, little attention has been paid to how stressful kindergarten principals find their work to be. Compared with elementary and secondary schools, kindergartens in China, due to their role of providing nurturing care to young children, are much smaller in magnitude of operation, with fewer students and staff members, and a less diversified study curriculum. However, kindergarten principals are involved in most aspects of operation of the schools, relating to children, staff and parents, and thus their work is relatively more diverse. Further, kindergarten principals face with relatively greater difficulty in relating to their staff, because compared with elementary and secondary school teachers, teachers in kindergartens in China are less well qualified and less motivated in their work. The present study explored how stressful kindergarten principals in the city of Zuzhou, China found their work to be. A questionnaire was designed to measure the areas of difficulty that kindergarten principals experienced in their work and the reason for finding those areas difficult. Of the 200 principals who were sent the questionnaire, 178 returned it. The findings showed that most of the kindergarten principals found it stressful when relating to teachers, in having to guide them to use effective teaching strategies and to motivate them to work in a kindergarten setting. The principals also found maintaining financial viability of the kindergarten and meeting family obligations quite difficult. |
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| A-0150 |
Elementary teachers’ perceptions of resources, demands, and challenging student behaviors and their relationship to burnout symptoms in the US and Germany
Annette Ullrich A-0150 Elementary teachers’ perceptions of resources, demands, and challenging student behaviors and their relationship to burnout symptoms in the US and Germany Ullrich, Annette Lambert, Richard Mittag, Waldemar UNC Charlotte UNC Charlotte Pädagogische Hochschule Ludwigsburg Teacher stress and burnout is a world-wide phenomenon and has been researched extensively (Kyriacou, 2001). In the United States (US), stress and burnout have been identified as contributors to the shortage and attrition of both regular and Special Education teachers (Edmonson, 2006; Lambert & MCarthy, 2006). O’Donnell, Lambert, and McCarthy (in press) found that individual teacher perceptions of resources and demands were stronger indicators of stress than differences in environmental demands and resources between schools. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to or relieve stress and burnout in teachers can contribute to the development of methods and strategies of treatment and prevention of teacher burnout (Cooley & Yavonoff, 1996). The purpose of this study was to explore and cross-culturally compare the relationships between perceived classroom demands and resources, self-acceptance, and burnout symptoms in a sample of 469 elementary teachers in Germany and a sample of 451 elementary teachers in the United States. A model of teacher stress and burnout from a previous study (McCarthy et al., 2009) was replicated using data from a German school system. In addition, this study explored systemic differences between the participating German and American elementary schools. Similarities and differences were examined. |
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| A-0039 |
The impact of multi-demand environments of family, work and academic studies on women-students
Tali Heiman A-0039 The impact of multi-demand environments of family, work and academic studies on women-students Tali Heiman talihe@openu.ac.il The Open University of Israel, Israel, Ra'anana. The study examined the concept of coping in a multi-demand system of motherhood, work and academic studies. Job demands may interfere with family life, as well as academic and working lives require constant self-regulation and time management, both for attending lectures and submitting assignments - thus most of the students usually need to adapt specific strategies to manage successfully. This interference might lead to strain, stress, distress and satisfaction among women who combine motherhood, work, and higher education studies. Fifty women studying at the college and university in Israel completed questionnaires and were interviewed about their adjustment, stress and support in coping with the academic load, the work load, and family management. Results revealed that most of the women perceive their academic life as stressful and demanding, especially due to external pressures and self-imposed expectations. Women reported on heightened emotional and cognitive stress, especially regarding raising children. Most of the women use task-oriented strategies, such as managing their time, solving specific problems and seeking help, or adopted an emotional-coping orientation including the use of social or familial support as a coping tool. Findings indicated that the women reported that they spent less time on campus than did their peers, and that they constantly had to divide their time between work and home. The study will discuss the coping process of women who return to academic studies simultaneously with family and work, and will refer to the role of workplaces and universities in facilitating female students’ success. |
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| A-0050 |
Job Stress and Social Support as the Predictors of Job Burnout and Work Engagement Among Human Services Professionals
Magdalena Kalinska A-0050 Job Stress and Social Support as the Predictors of Job Burnout and Work Engagement Among Human Services Professionals Magdalena Kalinska & R. Cieslak Department of Psychology, Warsaw School of Social Psychology, Warsaw, Poland This study employs the Job Resources - Demands framework to test the effects of work stress and perceived social support on job burnout and work engagement. We hypothesized that a high level of work stress and a low level of social support would predict high job burnout and low work engagement. Perceived social support was expected to buffer the effects of work stress on job burnout and work engagement. Data was collected among 120 human services workers who filled out the questionnaires at the baseline (Time 1) and 3 months later (Time 2). Participants were white-collar professionals (e.g., teachers, medical doctors, IT specialists, bank officers) working in human services for at least 1 year. The results of hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that work stress and perceived social support contributed to job burnout and work engagement, even after controlling for sociodemographics and baseline levels of dependent variables. These results offer an insight into mechanisms of the development of job burnout and work engagement and, consequently, inform work stress management programs. |
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| A-0201 |
Roma children’s regular physical activity - good academic achievement: Challenges and limitations in the social integration
Gyöngyi Balogh A-0201 Roma children’s regular physical activity - good academic achievement: Challenges and limitations in the social integration Gyöngyi Balogh Scheiber Sándor High School, Budapest, Hungary In the latter decades increasingly more minority sociological research was made, in the course of which the authors focused their attention on the Gypsies' social situation, their education, their role played on the labor market, their hygienic state, their social situation, and the deviances appearing among them. The results originating from those and their conclusions strengthen the prejudice supported opposite the Gypsies even better in the majority society in many cases. Those are less known for the society, whose talent and will-power resulted in getting out of the vicious circle with extreme efforts many times, that caught bald the majority of the society classified as the Gypsy. Who try - not denying their Gypsy ancestry - to present the results respected by the society on different areas of the life. We have an opportunity to break out by way of the sport, which may integrate us on the different areas of the life. Sample/method: 11-16-year-old elementary/high school children (20 boys and 16 girls; 28 Roma) were examined by prejudice-centered, future orientation, and parents’ model giving lifestyle questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was answered by students at a metropolitan sport division school, where the students’ 60% had Romany ancestry. The Roma school children studying here have a chance to move on a good road since the sport has central place in the curriculum of the institution. Results: 39% of the physically active children feel favorite effect of the regular sport on their learning results. Professional athlete career (28%), skilled worker professions (14%), and college/ university studies (33%) are in the future planning programs of the 11-16-year-old school boys and girls. Roma subjects’ mothers (38%) and fathers (40%) used to be physically active what is in relatively high ratio. Comparison of data for Roma and non-Roma subjects are presented in the poster. Key words: Roma children, sport division school, social integration |
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| A-0080 |
Perception of emotional distress in relation to Stressful Life Events in Mexican Adolescents
Consuelo Durán A-0080 Perception of emotional distress in relation to Stressful Life Events in Mexican Adolescents Consuelo Durán*1 E Lucio1 & B Morales 1Graduate Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico, Mexico City Background: Young people face a wide range of developmental and contextual changes; in some cases these situations lead to feelings related to emotional distress and anxiety. There are extraordinary situations like accidents, assaults, losses in general that generate a considerable level of stress which affect adolescents´ well being, thus is important to know the impact that these events have on emotional distress in this population. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stressful life events in relation to emotional distress in a sample of Mexican adolescents. Method: Emotional distress was assessed through the Adolescent Self Descriptive Inventory and Stressful life events were measured through the Life-Events Questionnaire. Participants were 71 adolescents at risk of emotional distress, with ages ranging from 12 to 18 years (X=15.1, SD=1.54). All subjects were students of junior high-schools and high-schools in Aguascalientes and Sonora. Results: Family area has an influence from social (B= .296 P<.05) and personal (B=.248 P<.05) negative areas, while in scholar area we found an influence from personal (B= .342 P<.05), behavioral problems (B= .334 P<.05), health (B=-.337 P<.05) and successes and failures negative (B= -.244 P<.05) areas. Conclusion: Family and school areas are central in adolescent’s development, so the problems in that contexts could predispose to behavioral risk. |
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| A-0107 |
Treatment of migraine: How effective is Biofeedback - Assisted Relaxation training?
Masuod Janbozorgi A-0107 Treatment of migraine: How effective is Biofeedback - Assisted Relaxation training? Masuod Janbozorgi , S rajezi Esfahani Talie Institiut Objective: behavioral interventions such as relaxation training and biofeedback are some of the most effective interventions for management of migraine headaches. In this study we evaluate the utility of biofeedback-assisted progressive muscle relaxation training (PRT) in the treatment of migraine. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, twenty patients (12-18 years old) with a confirmed diagnosis of migraine headache, admitted to the Talie counseling center between March 2005 to December 2005, were evaluated; they were randomly assigned in to an experimental group (n =10 ) receiving biofeedback-assisted PRT and a control group in a waiting list. All patients recorded the intensity of the headache and it`s frequency and duration before and 12 week after the treatment. Results: the data was analyzed using independent sample t-test for mean differences. In the biofeedback assisted progressive muscle relaxation trained group, a statistically and clinically significant decrease was detected in intensity ( p< 0.001 ;mean difference 31.7 ; SD= 1.86 ), frequency (mean difference 4.4 ; SD= 1.58 ), and duration (mean difference 3.55 ; SD= 1.32) headache activity in biofeedback-assisted progressive muscle relaxation training group. Conclusion: It can be conclude that biofeedback-assisted progressive muscle relaxation training is a successful form of therapy in treatment of migraine. Key words: Migraine, Biofeedback, Progressive muscle relaxation training |
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| A-0074 |
Trait anxiety and self-rated health as predictor variables of medical attention: A cross-sectional study in Spanish population
Marta E. Aparicio García A-0074 Trait anxiety and self-rated health as predictor variables of medical attention: A cross-sectional study in Spanish population Marta E. Aparicio García* J Ramos-Cejudo* JM Salguero** R Sanz-Blasco* * Faculty of Psychology. Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. ** Faculty of Psychology. University of Málaga, Spain. Understanding the factors that affect patients’ use of health services is highly relevant. The goal of the present study is to analyze the effect of different predictor variables, among which are trait anxiety, self-rated health, and gender differences, in the use of medical services. In this work, participants were 1001 subjects, between 25 and 65 years of age, randomly selected from the Spanish rural population. The prevalence of self-reported visits to medical services was analyzed, both for primary care and specialized attention, as well as the sociodemographic variables associated with visits to health services and with frequent visitors, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to study the relation between self-rated health and trait anxiety with visits to medical services. The results show that trait anxiety, subjects’ self-rated health, and some sociodemographic variables, such as being retired or belonging to a medium-high socioeconomic level, represent important moderating and predictor variables of users’ visits to the diverse public health services. Keywords: trait anxiety, self-rated health, gender differences, sociodemographic variables, medical attention. |
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| A-0135 |
The impact of work-related affective well-being and shift work on insomia
Beata Basinska A-0135 The impact of work-related affective well-being and shift work on insomia Beata Basinska Gdansk University of Technology, Poland Narutowicza 11/12 80-952 Gdansk bbas@pg.gda.pl Objectives: Irregular shift work or elongated work week combined with insufficient rest time may result in sleep disorders. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of positive and negative emotions experienced at work, as well as methods of coping with insomnia among workers on a fixed daytime and rotating work schedule. Methods: The following methods were used: the Job-Related Affective Well-Being Scale by van Katwyk et al., Scale of Stress Managing Methods by Urant, Czapinski (wave 1), and the Athens Insomnia Scale by Soldatos et al. (wave 2), with a one-month distance between waves 1 and 2. The examination embraced 80 full-time one-shift or rotating shift employees, who twice a month (weekends) attended courses improving their professional qualifications, with prevalence of women (70%), administration and client service personnel (56%), with up to five-year work experience. Results: Half of the study group met criteria for insomnia. The most frequent complaints were insufficient sleep (30%) and sleepiness during the day (26%). No differences were found between fixed and irregular schedule workers. The predictors of sleep disorders were: first of all negative work-related emotions, next, task coping, and low intensity of positive emotions experienced at work. Positive work-related emotions had no protective effect on sleep disorders. Conclusions: Organization and individual methods reducing negative work-related emotions should be applied for workers. |
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| A-0132 |
Stress and its implications for primary health care
Judora J. Spangenberg A-0132 Stress and its implications for primary health care Judora J. Spangenberg Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa An underlying component of stress that manifests in physical symptoms is present in a high percentage of patients’ visits to medical practitioners, who are increasingly expected to help patients cope with stress. The purpose of this paper is to present practical guidelines for primary health care practitioners to assist their patients in coping with stress. The transactional model of stress is presented as a theoretical background. Practical guidelines are given for assessing the role of stress in physical symptoms and for handling consultations with stressed patients. Subsequently some stress moderators are discussed, namely coping strategies, attributional style, optimism, social support and spirituality. Finally primary, secondary and tertiary stress interventions are briefly discussed. |
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| A-0203 |
Depression following terrorism
Itziar Iruarrizaga A-0203 Depression following terrorism Itziar Iruarrizaga, J. M. Salguero, P. Fernández-Berrocal, A. Cano-Vindel Complutense University of Madrid, University of Málaga, Spain University of Málaga, Spain Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Terrorist attacks are a type of mass traumatic event that may contribute to an increased prevalence of psychopathology within the population affected. As part of this psychopathology, depression has been studied as a probable mental problem associated with terrorism. We present a review about the prevalence and course of depression after terrorist attacks. Eligible studies for this review included those carried out with direct victims and/or general population that assessed depression in accordance with diagnostic criteria. As a whole, the reviewed literature suggests that terrorist attacks are an independent environmental risk factor for the development of depression principally during the first months after the attacks. Less conclusive evidence appears with regard to the course of this disorder due to the limited number of longitudinal studies. Practical implications and future directions are discussed. Key words: disaster, terrorism, depression, trauma. |
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| A-0008 |
Self-deception and depression, anxiety, and stress
Ahmet Akin A-0008 Self-deception and depression, anxiety, and stress Ahmet Akin Ramazan Abaci SAKARYA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE SAKARYA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING AND GUIDANCE The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between self-deception and depression, anxiety, and stress. Participants of the study were 489 university students. Of the participants 334 were female and 155 were male and the mean age of them was 19.3. The Self-deception Subscale of Two Dimensional Social Desirability Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, And Stress Scale (DASS) were used as measures. The relationships between self-deception and depression, anxiety, and stress were examined using correlation analysis and the hypothesis model was tested through structural equation modeling. In correlation analysis, self-deception was negatively related to depression, anxiety, and stress. The structural model demonstrated excellent fit (χ2 = 57.53, df = 23, p = .00009, GFI = .96, AGFI = .93, CFI = .95, NFI = .93, SRMR=.050, and RMSEA = .052) and also accounted for 16% of the depression, 10% of the anxiety, and 12% of the stress variances. According to path analysis results, depression, anxiety, and stress were predicted negatively by self-deception. |
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| 18:00 | End of program in this room | |
| 15:15-16:15 | Keynote Address | |
| A-0198 |
Psychological Immune System: A model for human beings’ psychic apparatus of stress managing
Oláh Attila A-0198 Psychological Immune System: A model for human beings’ psychic apparatus of stress managing Attila Oláh Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary The presentation introduces a concept (psychological immunity) and a working model of the psychological immune system (PIS) which is defined as a multidimensional but integrated unit of personal resilience resources and adaptive capacities that provide immunity against damage and stress. The PIS has been conceptualized as an optimizing system that creates a balance between personality functioning and environmental (social and physical) demands in order to increase adaptive fitness. The PIS with its components acts as a protective and preventive apparatus which strengthens invulnerability and raises the coping capacity of individuals. Ten years of empirical studies with Psychological Immune Competence Inventory (PICI) will be presented to demonstrate that psychological immunity as a dispositional coping potential of personality highly influences well being, burn-out, life expectancy and even sport effectiveness of human beings. PICI is an operational tool for the working model of the PIS and measures the following immune traits: Positive Thinking, Sense of Control, Sense of Coherence, Creative Self-Concept, Sense of Self-growth, Challenge Orientation, Social Monitoring Capacity, Problem-solving Capacity, Self-efficacy, Social Mobilizing Capacity, Social Creating Capacity, Synchronicity, Goal Orientation, Impulse Control, Emotional Control, Irritability Control. Relationship between psychological immunity and successful coping, emotional intelligence, optimal experience, big five personality factors will be also presented. |
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| 20.00 | Conference Dinner | |